implement utf16 mode for slice/patch

with "TextV2" behavior for @orionz.

.gitignore

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ perf.*
 /Cargo.lock
 build/
 .vim/*
+/target

javascript/src/constants.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 // Properties of the document root object
 //const OPTIONS   = Symbol('_options')   // object containing options passed to init()
 //const CACHE     = Symbol('_cache')     // map from objectId to immutable object
-//export const STATE      = Symbol.for('_am_state')     // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 export const STATE      = Symbol.for('_am_meta')     // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 export const HEADS      = Symbol.for('_am_heads')    // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 export const TRACE      = Symbol.for('_am_trace')    // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 export const OBJECT_ID  = Symbol.for('_am_objectId') // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
+export const IS_PROXY   = Symbol.for('_am_isProxy')  // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 export const READ_ONLY  = Symbol.for('_am_readOnly') // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 export const FROZEN     = Symbol.for('_am_frozen')   // object containing metadata about current state (e.g. sequence numbers)
 

javascript/src/index.ts

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 /** @hidden **/
 export {/** @hidden */ uuid} from './uuid'
 
-import {rootProxy, listProxy, textProxy, mapProxy} from "./proxies"
-import {STATE, HEADS, TRACE, OBJECT_ID, READ_ONLY, FROZEN} from "./constants"
+import {rootProxy, listProxy, mapProxy} from "./proxies"
+import {STATE, HEADS, TRACE, IS_PROXY, OBJECT_ID, READ_ONLY, FROZEN} from "./constants"
 
 import {AutomergeValue, Text, Counter} from "./types"
-export {AutomergeValue, Text, Counter, Int, Uint, Float64, ScalarValue} from "./types"
+export {AutomergeValue, Counter, Int, Uint, Float64, ScalarValue} from "./types"
 
 import {type API, type Patch} from "@automerge/automerge-wasm";
 export { type Patch, PutPatch, DelPatch, SplicePatch, IncPatch, SyncMessage, } from "@automerge/automerge-wasm"
@@ -116,15 +116,6 @@ function _trace<T>(doc: Doc<T>): string | undefined {
     return Reflect.get(doc, TRACE) as string
 }
 
-function _set_heads<T>(doc: Doc<T>, heads: Heads) {
-    _state(doc).heads = heads
-}
-
-function _clear_heads<T>(doc: Doc<T>) {
-    Reflect.set(doc, HEADS, undefined)
-    Reflect.set(doc, TRACE, undefined)
-}
-
 function _obj<T>(doc: Doc<T>): ObjID | null {
     if (!(typeof doc === 'object') || doc === null) {
         return null
@@ -161,7 +152,6 @@ export function init<T>(_opts?: ActorId | InitOptions<T>): Doc<T> {
     handle.enablePatches(true)
     handle.enableFreeze(!!opts.freeze)
     handle.registerDatatype("counter", (n) => new Counter(n))
-    handle.registerDatatype("text", (n) => new Text(n))
     const doc = handle.materialize("/", undefined, {handle, heads: undefined, freeze, patchCallback}) as Doc<T>
     return doc
 }
@@ -406,7 +396,6 @@ export function load<T>(data: Uint8Array, _opts?: ActorId | InitOptions<T>): Doc
     handle.enablePatches(true)
     handle.enableFreeze(!!opts.freeze)
     handle.registerDatatype("counter", (n) => new Counter(n))
-    handle.registerDatatype("text", (n) => new Text(n))
     const doc: any = handle.materialize("/", undefined, {handle, heads: undefined, patchCallback}) as Doc<T>
     return doc
 }
@@ -516,7 +505,7 @@ function conflictAt(context: Automerge, objectId: ObjID, prop: Prop): Conflicts
                 result[fullVal[1]] = listProxy(context, fullVal[1], [prop], true)
                 break;
             case "text":
-                result[fullVal[1]] = textProxy(context, fullVal[1], [prop], true)
+                result[fullVal[1]] = context.text(fullVal[1])
                 break;
             //case "table":
             //case "cursor":
@@ -614,8 +603,17 @@ export function getLastLocalChange<T>(doc: Doc<T>): Change | undefined {
  * This is useful to determine if something is actually an automerge document,
  * if `doc` is not an automerge document this will return null.
  */
-export function getObjectId(doc: any): ObjID | null {
+export function getObjectId(doc: any, prop?: Prop): ObjID | null {
+    if (prop) {
+      const state = _state(doc, false)
+      const objectId = _obj(doc)
+      if (!state || !objectId) {
+        throw new RangeError("invalid object for splice")
+      }
+      return state.handle.get(objectId, prop) as ObjID
+    } else {
       return _obj(doc)
+    }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -813,6 +811,25 @@ export function getMissingDeps<T>(doc: Doc<T>, heads: Heads): Heads {
     return state.handle.getMissingDeps(heads)
 }
 
+export function splice<T>(doc: Doc<T>, prop: Prop, index: number, del: number, newText?: string) {
+    if (!Reflect.get(doc, IS_PROXY)) {
+      throw new RangeError("object cannot be modified outside of a change block")
+    }
+    const state = _state(doc, false)
+    const objectId = _obj(doc)
+    if (!objectId) {
+      throw new RangeError("invalid object for splice")
+    }
+    const value = state.handle.getWithType(objectId, prop)
+    if (value === null) {
+        throw new RangeError("Cannot splice, not a valid value");
+    } else if (value[0] === 'text') {
+        return state.handle.splice(value[1], index, del, newText)
+    } else {
+        throw new RangeError(`Cannot splice, value is of type '${value[0]}', must be 'text'`);
+    }
+}
+
 /**
  * Get the hashes of the heads of this document
  */

javascript/src/proxies.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { Prop } from "@automerge/automerge-wasm"
 import { AutomergeValue, ScalarValue, MapValue, ListValue, TextValue } from "./types"
 import { Counter, getWriteableCounter } from "./counter"
 import { Text } from "./text"
-import { STATE, HEADS, TRACE, FROZEN, OBJECT_ID, READ_ONLY, COUNTER, INT, UINT, F64, TEXT } from "./constants"
+import { STATE, HEADS, TRACE, FROZEN, IS_PROXY, OBJECT_ID, READ_ONLY, COUNTER, INT, UINT, F64, TEXT } from "./constants"
 
 function parseListIndex(key) {
   if (typeof key === 'string' && /^[0-9]+$/.test(key)) key = parseInt(key, 10)
@@ -30,7 +30,8 @@ function valueAt(target, prop: Prop) : AutomergeValue | undefined {
         case undefined: return;
         case "map": return mapProxy(context, val, [ ... path, prop ], readonly, heads);
         case "list": return listProxy(context, val, [ ... path, prop ], readonly, heads);
-        case "text": return textProxy(context, val, [ ... path, prop ], readonly, heads);
+        //case "text": return textProxy(context, val, [ ... path, prop ], readonly, heads);
+        case "text": return context.text(val, heads);
         //case "table":
         //case "cursor":
         case "str": return val;
@@ -66,8 +67,8 @@ function import_value(value) {
           return [ value.value, "f64" ]
         } else if (value[COUNTER]) {
           return [ value.value, "counter" ]
-        } else if (value[TEXT]) {
-          return [ value, "text" ]
+        //} else if (value[TEXT]) {
+        //  return [ value, "text" ]
         } else if (value instanceof Date) {
           return [ value.getTime(), "timestamp" ]
         } else if (value instanceof Uint8Array) {
@@ -92,7 +93,7 @@ function import_value(value) {
         }
         break;
       case 'string':
-        return [ value ]
+        return [ value, "text" ]
         break;
       default:
         throw new RangeError(`Unsupported type of value: ${typeof value}`)
@@ -104,11 +105,12 @@ const MapHandler = {
     const { context, objectId, readonly, frozen, heads, cache } = target
     if (key === Symbol.toStringTag) { return target[Symbol.toStringTag] }
     if (key === OBJECT_ID) return objectId
+    if (key === IS_PROXY) return true
     if (key === READ_ONLY) return readonly
     if (key === FROZEN) return frozen
     if (key === HEADS) return heads
     if (key === TRACE) return target.trace
-    if (key === STATE) return context;
+    if (key === STATE) return { handle: context };
     if (!cache[key]) {
       cache[key] = valueAt(target, key)
     }
@@ -150,11 +152,14 @@ const MapHandler = {
         break
       }
       case "text": {
-        const text = context.putObject(objectId, key, "", "text")
+        context.putObject(objectId, key, value, "text")
+/*
+        const text = context.putObject(objectId, key, value, "text")
         const proxyText = textProxy(context, text, [ ... path, key ], readonly );
         for (let i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
           proxyText[i] = value.get(i)
         }
+*/
         break
       }
       case "map": {
@@ -212,11 +217,12 @@ const ListHandler = {
     if (index === Symbol.hasInstance) { return (instance) => { return Array.isArray(instance) } }
     if (index === Symbol.toStringTag) { return target[Symbol.toStringTag] }
     if (index === OBJECT_ID) return objectId
+    if (index === IS_PROXY) return true
     if (index === READ_ONLY) return readonly
     if (index === FROZEN) return frozen
     if (index === HEADS) return heads
     if (index === TRACE) return target.trace
-    if (index === STATE) return context;
+    if (index === STATE) return { handle: context };
     if (index === 'length') return context.length(objectId, heads);
     if (typeof index === 'number') {
       return valueAt(target, index)
@@ -268,12 +274,12 @@ const ListHandler = {
       case "text": {
         let text
         if (index >= context.length(objectId)) {
-          text = context.insertObject(objectId, index, "", "text")
+          text = context.insertObject(objectId, index, value, "text")
         } else {
-          text = context.putObject(objectId, index, "", "text")
+          text = context.putObject(objectId, index, value, "text")
         }
-        const proxyText = textProxy(context, text, [ ... path, index ], readonly);
-        proxyText.splice(0,0,...value)
+        //const proxyText = textProxy(context, text, [ ... path, index ], readonly);
+        //proxyText.splice(0,0,...value)
         break;
       }
       case "map": {
@@ -350,11 +356,12 @@ const TextHandler = Object.assign({}, ListHandler, {
     if (index === Symbol.toStringTag) { return target[Symbol.toStringTag] }
     if (index === Symbol.hasInstance) { return (instance) => { return Array.isArray(instance) } }
     if (index === OBJECT_ID) return objectId
+    if (index === IS_PROXY) return true
     if (index === READ_ONLY) return readonly
     if (index === FROZEN) return frozen
     if (index === HEADS) return heads
     if (index === TRACE) return target.trace
-    if (index === STATE) return context;
+    if (index === STATE) return { handle: context };
     if (index === 'length') return context.length(objectId, heads);
     if (typeof index === 'number') {
       return valueAt(target, index)
@@ -377,11 +384,13 @@ export function listProxy(context: Automerge, objectId: ObjID, path?: Prop[], re
   return new Proxy(target, ListHandler)
 }
 
+/*
 export function textProxy(context: Automerge, objectId: ObjID, path?: Prop[], readonly?: boolean, heads?: Heads) : TextValue {
   const target = []
   Object.assign(target, {context, objectId, path, readonly: !!readonly, frozen: false, heads, cache: {}})
   return new Proxy(target, TextHandler)
 }
+*/
 
 export function rootProxy<T>(context: Automerge, readonly?: boolean) : T {
   /* eslint-disable-next-line */
@@ -406,8 +415,12 @@ function listMethods(target) {
       start = parseListIndex(start || 0)
       end = parseListIndex(end || length)
       for (let i = start; i < Math.min(end, length); i++) {
+        if (datatype === "text" || datatype === "list" || datatype === "map") {
+          context.putObject(objectId, i, value, datatype)
+        } else {
           context.put(objectId, i, value, datatype)
         }
+      }
       return this
     },
 
@@ -482,9 +495,7 @@ function listMethods(target) {
             break;
           }
           case "text": {
-            const text = context.insertObject(objectId, index, "", "text")
-            const proxyText = textProxy(context, text, [ ... path, index ], readonly);
-            proxyText.splice(0,0,...value)
+            context.insertObject(objectId, index, value)
             break;
           }
           case "map": {

javascript/test/basic_test.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import * as assert from 'assert'
 import {Counter} from 'automerge'
 import * as Automerge from '../src'
+import * as WASM from "@automerge/automerge-wasm"
 
 describe('Automerge', () => {
     describe('basics', () => {
@@ -198,10 +199,9 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         })
         it('handle text', () => {
             let doc1 = Automerge.init()
-            let tmp = new Automerge.Text("hello")
             let doc2 = Automerge.change(doc1, (d) => {
-              d.list = new Automerge.Text("hello")
-              d.list.insertAt(2,"Z")
+              d.list = "hello"
+              Automerge.splice(d, "list", 2, 0, "Z")
             })
             let changes = Automerge.getChanges(doc1, doc2)
             let docB1 = Automerge.init()
@@ -209,6 +209,15 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
             assert.deepEqual(docB2, doc2);
         })
 
+        it('handle non-text strings', () => {
+            let doc1 = WASM.create();
+            doc1.put("_root", "text", "hello world");
+            let doc2 = Automerge.load(doc1.save())
+            assert.throws(() => {
+              Automerge.change(doc2, (d) => { Automerge.splice(d, "text", 1, 0, "Z") })
+            }, /Cannot splice/)
+        })
+
         it('have many list methods', () => {
             let doc1 = Automerge.from({ list: [1,2,3] })
             assert.deepEqual(doc1, { list: [1,2,3] });
@@ -240,7 +249,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         })
 
         it('lists and text have indexof', () => {
-          let doc = Automerge.from({ list: [0,1,2,3,4,5,6], text: new Automerge.Text("hello world") })
+          let doc = Automerge.from({ list: [0,1,2,3,4,5,6], text: "hello world" })
           console.log(doc.list.indexOf(5))
           console.log(doc.text.indexOf("world"))
         })
@@ -329,7 +338,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
             "date": new Date(),
             "counter": new Automerge.Counter(),
             "bytes": new Uint8Array(10),
-            "text": new Automerge.Text(),
+            "text": "",
             "list": [],
             "map": {}
         })
@@ -348,7 +357,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         })
 
         it("should return non-null for map, list, text, and objects", () => {
-            assert.notEqual(Automerge.getObjectId(s1.text), null)
+            assert.equal(Automerge.getObjectId(s1.text), null)
             assert.notEqual(Automerge.getObjectId(s1.list), null)
             assert.notEqual(Automerge.getObjectId(s1.map), null)
         })

javascript/test/legacy_tests.ts

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { assertEqualsOneOf } from './helpers'
 import { decodeChange } from './legacy/columnar'
 
 const UUID_PATTERN = /^[0-9a-f]{32}$/
-const OPID_PATTERN = /^[0-9]+@[0-9a-f]{32}$/
+const OPID_PATTERN = /^[0-9]+@([0-9a-f][0-9a-f])*$/
 
 // CORE FEATURES
 //
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
   describe('sequential use', () => {
     let s1, s2
     beforeEach(() => {
-      s1 = Automerge.init()
+      s1 = Automerge.init("aabbcc")
     })
 
     it('should not mutate objects', () => {
@@ -93,7 +93,11 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepStrictEqual(change, {
         actor: change.actor, deps: [], seq: 1, startOp: 1,
         hash: change.hash, message: '', time: change.time,
-        ops: [{obj: '_root', key: 'foo', action: 'set', insert: false, value: 'bar', pred: []}]
+        ops: [
+          {obj: '_root', key: 'foo', action: 'makeText', insert: false, pred: []},
+          {action: 'set', elemId: '_head', insert: true, obj: '1@aabbcc', pred: [], value: 'b' },
+          {action: 'set', elemId: '2@aabbcc', insert: true, obj: '1@aabbcc', pred: [], value: 'a' },
+          {action: 'set', elemId: '3@aabbcc', insert: true, obj: '1@aabbcc', pred: [], value: 'r' }]
       })
     })
 
@@ -287,11 +291,12 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         }, doc => {
           doc.birds = ['Goldfinch']
         })
-        assert.strictEqual(callbacks.length, 2)
-        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch, { action: "put", path: ["birds"], value: [], conflict: false})
-        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[1].patch, { action: "splice", path: ["birds",0], values: ["Goldfinch"] })
+        assert.strictEqual(callbacks.length, 1)
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[0], { action: "put", path: ["birds"], value: [] })
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[1], { action: "insert", path: ["birds",0], values: [""] })
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[2], { action: "splice", path: ["birds",0, 0], value: "Goldfinch" })
         assert.strictEqual(callbacks[0].before, s1)
-        assert.strictEqual(callbacks[1].after, s2)
+        assert.strictEqual(callbacks[0].after, s2)
       })
 
       it('should call a patchCallback set up on document initialisation', () => {
@@ -302,8 +307,11 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         const s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.bird = 'Goldfinch')
         const actor = Automerge.getActorId(s1)
         assert.strictEqual(callbacks.length, 1)
-        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch, {
-          action: "put", path: ["bird"], value: "Goldfinch", conflict: false
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[0], {
+          action: "put", path: ["bird"], value: ""
+        })
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[1], {
+          action: "splice", path: ["bird", 0], value: "Goldfinch"
         })
         assert.strictEqual(callbacks[0].before, s1)
         assert.strictEqual(callbacks[0].after, s2)
@@ -868,20 +876,20 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.birds = ['finch'])
       s2 = Automerge.merge(s2, s1)
       s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.birds[0] = 'greenfinch')
-      s2 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => doc.birds[0] = 'goldfinch')
+      s2 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => doc.birds[0] = 'goldfinch_')
       s3 = Automerge.merge(s1, s2)
       if (Automerge.getActorId(s1) > Automerge.getActorId(s2)) {
         assert.deepStrictEqual(s3.birds, ['greenfinch'])
       } else {
-        assert.deepStrictEqual(s3.birds, ['goldfinch'])
+        assert.deepStrictEqual(s3.birds, ['goldfinch_'])
       }
       assert.deepStrictEqual(Automerge.getConflicts(s3.birds, 0), {
-        [`3@${Automerge.getActorId(s1)}`]: 'greenfinch',
-        [`3@${Automerge.getActorId(s2)}`]: 'goldfinch'
+        [`8@${Automerge.getActorId(s1)}`]: 'greenfinch',
+        [`8@${Automerge.getActorId(s2)}`]: 'goldfinch_'
       })
     })
 
-    it.skip('should handle assignment conflicts of different types', () => {
+    it('should handle assignment conflicts of different types', () => {
       s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.field = 'string')
       s2 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => doc.field = ['list'])
       s3 = Automerge.change(s3, doc => doc.field = {thing: 'map'})
@@ -906,8 +914,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       })
     })
 
-    // FIXME - difficult bug here - patches arrive for conflicted subobject
-    it.skip('should handle changes within a conflicting list element', () => {
+    it('should handle changes within a conflicting list element', () => {
       s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.list = ['hello'])
       s2 = Automerge.merge(s2, s1)
       s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.list[0] = {map1: true})
@@ -921,8 +928,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         assert.deepStrictEqual(s3.list, [{map2: true, key: 2}])
       }
       assert.deepStrictEqual(Automerge.getConflicts(s3.list, 0), {
-        [`3@${Automerge.getActorId(s1)}`]: {map1: true, key: 1},
-        [`3@${Automerge.getActorId(s2)}`]: {map2: true, key: 2}
+        [`8@${Automerge.getActorId(s1)}`]: {map1: true, key: 1},
+        [`8@${Automerge.getActorId(s2)}`]: {map2: true, key: 2}
       })
     })
 
@@ -1154,7 +1161,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         hash: changes12[0].hash, actor: '01234567', seq: 1, startOp: 1,
         time: changes12[0].time, message: '', deps: [], ops: [
           {obj: '_root', action: 'makeList', key: 'list', insert: false, pred: []},
-          {obj: listId,  action: 'set', elemId: '_head', insert: true, value: 'a', pred: []}
+          {obj: listId,  action: 'makeText', elemId: '_head', insert: true, pred: []},
+          {obj: "2@01234567",  action: 'set', elemId: '_head', insert: true, value: 'a', pred: []}
         ]
       }])
       const s3 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => doc.list.deleteAt(0))
@@ -1163,9 +1171,10 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       const changes45 = Automerge.getAllChanges(s5).map(decodeChange)
       assert.deepStrictEqual(s5, {list: ['b']})
       assert.deepStrictEqual(changes45[2], {
-        hash: changes45[2].hash, actor: '01234567', seq: 3, startOp: 4,
+        hash: changes45[2].hash, actor: '01234567', seq: 3, startOp: 5,
         time: changes45[2].time, message: '', deps: [changes45[1].hash], ops: [
-          {obj: listId, action: 'set', elemId: '_head', insert: true, value: 'b', pred: []}
+          {obj: listId, action: 'makeText', elemId: '_head', insert: true, pred: []},
+          {obj: "5@01234567",  action: 'set', elemId: '_head', insert: true, value: 'b', pred: []}
         ]
       })
     })
@@ -1305,8 +1314,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
 
     // TEXT
     it('should handle updates to a text object', () => {
-      let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.text = new Automerge.Text('ab'))
-      let s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.set(0, 'A'))
+      let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.text = 'ab')
+      let s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 1, "A"))
       let [s3] = Automerge.applyChanges(Automerge.init(), Automerge.getAllChanges(s2))
       assert.deepStrictEqual([...s3.text], ['A', 'b'])
     })
@@ -1352,11 +1361,12 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
           callbacks.push({patch, before, after})
         }
       })
-      assert.strictEqual(callbacks.length, 2)
-      assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch, { action: 'put', path: ["birds"], value: [], conflict: false })
-      assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[1].patch, { action: 'splice', path: ["birds",0], values: ["Goldfinch"] })
+      assert.strictEqual(callbacks.length, 1)
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[0], { action: 'put', path: ["birds"], value: [] })
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[1], { action: 'insert', path: ["birds",0], values: [""] })
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(callbacks[0].patch[2], { action: 'splice', path: ["birds",0,0], value: "Goldfinch" })
       assert.strictEqual(callbacks[0].before, before)
-      assert.strictEqual(callbacks[1].after, after)
+      assert.strictEqual(callbacks[0].after, after)
     })
 
     it('should merge multiple applied changes into one patch', () => {
@@ -1364,23 +1374,24 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       const s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.birds.push('Chaffinch'))
       const patches = [], actor = Automerge.getActorId(s2)
       Automerge.applyChanges(Automerge.init(), Automerge.getAllChanges(s2),
-                             {patchCallback: p => patches.push(p)})
+                             {patchCallback: p => patches.push(... p)})
       assert.deepStrictEqual(patches, [
-        { action: 'put', conflict: false, path: [ 'birds' ], value: [] },
-        { action: "splice", path: [ "birds", 0 ], values: [ "Goldfinch", "Chaffinch" ] }
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds' ], value: [] },
+        { action: "insert", path: [ "birds", 0 ], values: [ "" ] },
+        { action: "splice", path: [ "birds", 0, 0 ], value: "Goldfinch" },
+        { action: "insert", path: [ "birds", 1 ], values: [ "" ] },
+        { action: "splice", path: [ "birds", 1, 0 ], value: "Chaffinch" }
       ])
     })
 
     it('should call a patchCallback registered on doc initialisation', () => {
       const s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.bird = 'Goldfinch')
       const patches = [], actor = Automerge.getActorId(s1)
-      const before = Automerge.init({patchCallback: p => patches.push(p)})
+      const before = Automerge.init({patchCallback: p => patches.push(... p)})
       Automerge.applyChanges(before, Automerge.getAllChanges(s1))
-      assert.deepStrictEqual(patches, [{
-          action: "put",
-          conflict: false,
-          path: [ "bird" ],
-          value: "Goldfinch" }
+      assert.deepStrictEqual(patches, [
+       { action: "put", path: [ "bird" ], value: "" },
+       { action: "splice", path: [ "bird", 0 ], value: "Goldfinch" }
       ])
     })
   })

javascript/test/sync_test.ts

@@ -527,6 +527,7 @@ describe('Data sync protocol', () => {
         assert.deepStrictEqual(getHeads(n2), [n1hash2, n2hash2].sort())
       })
 
+      // FIXME - this has a periodic failure
       it('should sync two nodes with connection reset', () => {
         s1 = decodeSyncState(encodeSyncState(s1))
         s2 = decodeSyncState(encodeSyncState(s2))

javascript/test/text_test.ts

@@ -197,502 +197,101 @@ function applyDeltaDocToAutomergeText(delta, doc) {
 describe('Automerge.Text', () => {
   let s1, s2
   beforeEach(() => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.text = new Automerge.Text())
+    s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.text = "")
     s2 = Automerge.merge(Automerge.init(), s1)
   })
 
   it('should support insertion', () => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a'))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, "a"))
     assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 1)
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), 'a')
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'a')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text[0], 'a')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, 'a')
     //assert.strictEqual(s1.text.getElemId(0), `2@${Automerge.getActorId(s1)}`)
   })
 
   it('should support deletion', () => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a', 'b', 'c'))
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.deleteAt(1, 1))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, "abc"))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 1, 1))
     assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 2)
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), 'a')
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(1), 'c')
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'ac')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text[0], 'a')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text[1], 'c')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, 'ac')
   })
 
   it("should support implicit and explicit deletion", () => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.insertAt(0, "a", "b", "c"))
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.deleteAt(1))
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.deleteAt(1, 0))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, "abc"))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 1, 1))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 1, 0))
     assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 2)
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), "a")
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(1), "c")
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), "ac")
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text[0], "a")
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text[1], "c")
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, "ac")
   })
 
   it('should handle concurrent insertion', () => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a', 'b', 'c'))
-    s2 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => doc.text.insertAt(0, 'x', 'y', 'z'))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, "abc"))
+    s2 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, "xyz"))
     s1 = Automerge.merge(s1, s2)
     assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 6)
-    assertEqualsOneOf(s1.text.toString(), 'abcxyz', 'xyzabc')
-    assertEqualsOneOf(s1.text.join(''), 'abcxyz', 'xyzabc')
+    assertEqualsOneOf(s1.text, 'abcxyz', 'xyzabc')
   })
 
   it('should handle text and other ops in the same change', () => {
     s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
       doc.foo = 'bar'
-      doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a')
+      Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, 'a')
     })
     assert.strictEqual(s1.foo, 'bar')
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'a')
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.join(''), 'a')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, 'a')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, 'a')
   })
 
   it('should serialize to JSON as a simple string', () => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a', '"', 'b'))
+    s1 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => Automerge.splice(doc, "text", 0, 0, 'a"b'))
     assert.strictEqual(JSON.stringify(s1), '{"text":"a\\"b"}')
   })
 
-  it('should allow modification before an object is assigned to a document', () => {
-    s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-      const text = new Automerge.Text()
-      text.insertAt(0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
-      text.deleteAt(2)
-      doc.text = text
-      assert.strictEqual(doc.text.toString(), 'abd')
-      assert.strictEqual(doc.text.join(''), 'abd')
-    })
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'abd')
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.join(''), 'abd')
-  })
-
   it('should allow modification after an object is assigned to a document', () => {
     s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-      const text = new Automerge.Text()
-      doc.text = text
-      doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd')
-      doc.text.deleteAt(2)
-      assert.strictEqual(doc.text.toString(), 'abd')
-      assert.strictEqual(doc.text.join(''), 'abd')
+      doc.text = ""
+      Automerge.splice(doc ,"text", 0, 0, 'abcd')
+      Automerge.splice(doc ,"text", 2, 1)
+      assert.strictEqual(doc.text, 'abd')
     })
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.join(''), 'abd')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, 'abd')
   })
 
   it('should not allow modification outside of a change callback', () => {
-    assert.throws(() => s1.text.insertAt(0, 'a'), /object cannot be modified outside of a change block/)
+    assert.throws(() => Automerge.splice(s1 ,"text", 0, 0, 'a'), /object cannot be modified outside of a change block/)
   })
 
   describe('with initial value', () => {
-    it('should accept a string as initial value', () => {
-      let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.text = new Automerge.Text('init'))
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 4)
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), 'i')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(1), 'n')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(2), 'i')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(3), 't')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'init')
-    })
-
-    it('should accept an array as initial value', () => {
-      let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => doc.text = new Automerge.Text(['i', 'n', 'i', 't']))
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 4)
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), 'i')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(1), 'n')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(2), 'i')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(3), 't')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'init')
-    })
 
     it('should initialize text in Automerge.from()', () => {
-      let s1 = Automerge.from({text: new Automerge.Text('init')})
+      let s1 = Automerge.from({text: 'init'})
       assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 4)
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), 'i')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(1), 'n')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(2), 'i')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(3), 't')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'init')
+      assert.strictEqual(s1.text[0], 'i')
+      assert.strictEqual(s1.text[1], 'n')
+      assert.strictEqual(s1.text[2], 'i')
+      assert.strictEqual(s1.text[3], 't')
+      assert.strictEqual(s1.text, 'init')
     })
 
     it('should encode the initial value as a change', () => {
-      const s1 = Automerge.from({text: new Automerge.Text('init')})
+      const s1 = Automerge.from({text: 'init'})
       const changes = Automerge.getAllChanges(s1)
       assert.strictEqual(changes.length, 1)
       const [s2] = Automerge.applyChanges(Automerge.init(), changes)
-      assert.strictEqual(s2.text instanceof Automerge.Text, true)
-      assert.strictEqual(s2.text.toString(), 'init')
-      assert.strictEqual(s2.text.join(''), 'init')
+      assert.strictEqual(s2.text, 'init')
+      assert.strictEqual(s2.text, 'init')
     })
 
-    it('should allow immediate access to the value', () => {
-      Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-        const text = new Automerge.Text('init')
-        assert.strictEqual(text.length, 4)
-        assert.strictEqual(text.get(0), 'i')
-        assert.strictEqual(text.toString(), 'init')
-        doc.text = text
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.length, 4)
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.get(0), 'i')
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.toString(), 'init')
-      })
-    })
-
-    it('should allow pre-assignment modification of the initial value', () => {
-      let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-        const text = new Automerge.Text('init')
-        text.deleteAt(3)
-        assert.strictEqual(text.join(''), 'ini')
-        doc.text = text
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.join(''), 'ini')
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.toString(), 'ini')
-      })
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'ini')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.join(''), 'ini')
-    })
-
-    it('should allow post-assignment modification of the initial value', () => {
-      let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-        const text = new Automerge.Text('init')
-        doc.text = text
-        doc.text.deleteAt(0)
-        doc.text.insertAt(0, 'I')
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.join(''), 'Init')
-        assert.strictEqual(doc.text.toString(), 'Init')
-      })
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.join(''), 'Init')
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'Init')
-    })
-  })
-
-  describe('non-textual control characters', () => {
-    let s1
-    beforeEach(() => {
-      s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-        doc.text = new Automerge.Text()
-        doc.text.insertAt(0, 'a')
-        doc.text.insertAt(1, { attribute: 'bold' })
-      })
-    })
-
-    it('should allow fetching non-textual characters', () => {
-      assert.deepEqual(s1.text.get(1), { attribute: 'bold' })
-      //assert.strictEqual(s1.text.getElemId(1), `3@${Automerge.getActorId(s1)}`)
-    })
-
-    it('should include control characters in string length', () => {
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.length, 2)
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), 'a')
-    })
-
-    it('should replace control characters from toString()', () => {
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.toString(), 'a\uFFFC')
-    })
-
-    it('should allow control characters to be updated', () => {
-      const s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => doc.text.get(1).attribute = 'italic')
-      const s3 = Automerge.load(Automerge.save(s2))
-      assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(1).attribute, 'bold')
-      assert.strictEqual(s2.text.get(1).attribute, 'italic')
-      assert.strictEqual(s3.text.get(1).attribute, 'italic')
-    })
-
-    describe('spans interface to Text', () => {
-      it('should return a simple string as a single span', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('hello world')
-        })
-        assert.deepEqual(s1.text.toSpans(), ['hello world'])
-      })
-      it('should return an empty string as an empty array', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text()
-        })
-        assert.deepEqual(s1.text.toSpans(), [])
-      })
-      it('should split a span at a control character', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('hello world')
-          doc.text.insertAt(5, { attributes: { bold: true } })
-        })
-        assert.deepEqual(s1.text.toSpans(),
-          ['hello', { attributes: { bold: true } }, ' world'])
-      })
-      it('should allow consecutive control characters', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('hello world')
-          doc.text.insertAt(5, { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(6, { attributes: { italic: true } })
-        })
-        assert.deepEqual(s1.text.toSpans(),
-          ['hello',
-           { attributes: { bold: true } },
-           { attributes: { italic: true } },
-           ' world'
-          ])
-      })
-      it('should allow non-consecutive control characters', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('hello world')
-          doc.text.insertAt(5, { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(12, { attributes: { italic: true } })
-        })
-        assert.deepEqual(s1.text.toSpans(),
-          ['hello',
-           { attributes: { bold: true } },
-           ' world',
-           { attributes: { italic: true } }
-          ])
-      })
-
-      it('should be convertable into a Quill delta', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Gandalf the Grey')
-          doc.text.insertAt(0,  { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(7 + 1, { attributes: { bold: null } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(12 + 2, { attributes: { color: '#cccccc' } })
-        })
-
-        let deltaDoc = automergeTextToDeltaDoc(s1.text)
-
-        // From https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/
-        let expectedDoc = [
-          { insert: 'Gandalf', attributes: { bold: true } },
-          { insert: ' the ' },
-          { insert: 'Grey', attributes: { color: '#cccccc' } }
-        ]
-
-        assert.deepEqual(deltaDoc, expectedDoc)
-      })
-
-      it('should support embeds', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('')
-          doc.text.insertAt(0, { attributes: { link: 'https://quilljs.com' } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(1, {
-            image: 'https://quilljs.com/assets/images/icon.png'
-          })
-          doc.text.insertAt(2, { attributes: { link: null } })
-        })
-
-        let deltaDoc = automergeTextToDeltaDoc(s1.text)
-
-        // From https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/
-        let expectedDoc = [{
-          // An image link
-          insert: {
-            image: 'https://quilljs.com/assets/images/icon.png'
-          },
-          attributes: {
-            link: 'https://quilljs.com'
-          }
-        }]
-
-        assert.deepEqual(deltaDoc, expectedDoc)
-      })
-
-      it('should handle concurrent overlapping spans', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Gandalf the Grey')
-        })
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.merge(Automerge.init(), s1)
-
-        let s3 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(8,  { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(16 + 1, { attributes: { bold: null } })
-        })
-
-        let s4 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(0,  { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(11 + 1, { attributes: { bold: null } })
-        })
-
-        let merged = Automerge.merge(s3, s4)
-
-        let deltaDoc = automergeTextToDeltaDoc(merged.text)
-
-        // From https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/
-        let expectedDoc = [
-          { insert: 'Gandalf the Grey', attributes: { bold: true } },
-        ]
-
-        assert.deepEqual(deltaDoc, expectedDoc)
-      })
-
-      it('should handle debolding spans', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Gandalf the Grey')
-        })
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.merge(Automerge.init(), s1)
-
-        let s3 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(0,  { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(16 + 1, { attributes: { bold: null } })
-        })
-
-        let s4 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(8,  { attributes: { bold: null } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(11 + 1, { attributes: { bold: true } })
-        })
-
-
-        let merged = Automerge.merge(s3, s4)
-
-        let deltaDoc = automergeTextToDeltaDoc(merged.text)
-
-        // From https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/
-        let expectedDoc = [
-          { insert: 'Gandalf ', attributes: { bold: true } },
-          { insert: 'the' },
-          { insert: ' Grey', attributes: { bold: true } },
-        ]
-
-        assert.deepEqual(deltaDoc, expectedDoc)
-      })
-
-      // xxx: how would this work for colors?
-      it('should handle destyling across destyled spans', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Gandalf the Grey')
-        })
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.merge(Automerge.init(), s1)
-
-        let s3 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(0,  { attributes: { bold: true } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(16 + 1, { attributes: { bold: null } })
-        })
-
-        let s4 = Automerge.change(s2, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(8,  { attributes: { bold: null } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(11 + 1, { attributes: { bold: true } })
-        })
-
-        let merged = Automerge.merge(s3, s4)
-
-        let final = Automerge.change(merged, doc => {
-          doc.text.insertAt(3 + 1, { attributes: { bold: null } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(doc.text.length, { attributes: { bold: true } })
-        })
-
-        let deltaDoc = automergeTextToDeltaDoc(final.text)
-
-        // From https://quilljs.com/docs/delta/
-        let expectedDoc = [
-          { insert: 'Gan', attributes: { bold: true } },
-          { insert: 'dalf the Grey' },
-        ]
-
-        assert.deepEqual(deltaDoc, expectedDoc)
-      })
-
-      it('should apply an insert', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Hello world')
-        })
-
-        const delta = [
-          { retain: 6 },
-          { insert: 'reader' },
-          { delete: 5 }
-        ]
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          applyDeltaDocToAutomergeText(delta, doc)
-        })
-
-        //assert.strictEqual(s2.text.join(''), 'Hello reader')
-        assert.strictEqual(s2.text.toString(), 'Hello reader')
-      })
-
-      it('should apply an insert with control characters', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Hello world')
-        })
-
-        const delta = [
-          { retain: 6 },
-          { insert: 'reader', attributes: { bold: true } },
-          { delete: 5 },
-          { insert: '!' }
-        ]
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          applyDeltaDocToAutomergeText(delta, doc)
-        })
-
-        assert.strictEqual(s2.text.toString(), 'Hello \uFFFCreader\uFFFC!')
-        assert.deepEqual(s2.text.toSpans(), [
-          "Hello ",
-          { attributes: { bold: true } },
-          "reader",
-          { attributes: { bold: null } },
-          "!"
-        ])
-      })
-
-      it('should account for control characters in retain/delete lengths', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('Hello world')
-          doc.text.insertAt(4, { attributes: { color: '#ccc' } })
-          doc.text.insertAt(10, { attributes: { color: '#f00' } })
-        })
-
-        const delta = [
-          { retain: 6 },
-          { insert: 'reader', attributes: { bold: true } },
-          { delete: 5 },
-          { insert: '!' }
-        ]
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          applyDeltaDocToAutomergeText(delta, doc)
-        })
-
-        assert.strictEqual(s2.text.toString(), 'Hell\uFFFCo \uFFFCreader\uFFFC\uFFFC!')
-        assert.deepEqual(s2.text.toSpans(), [
-          "Hell",
-          { attributes: { color: '#ccc'} },
-          "o ",
-          { attributes: { bold: true } },
-          "reader",
-          { attributes: { bold: null } },
-          { attributes: { color: '#f00'} },
-          "!"
-        ])
-      })
-
-      it('should support embeds', () => {
-        let s1 = Automerge.change(Automerge.init(), doc => {
-          doc.text = new Automerge.Text('')
-        })
-
-        let deltaDoc = [{
-          // An image link
-          insert: {
-            image: 'https://quilljs.com/assets/images/icon.png'
-          },
-          attributes: {
-            link: 'https://quilljs.com'
-          }
-        }]
-
-        let s2 = Automerge.change(s1, doc => {
-          applyDeltaDocToAutomergeText(deltaDoc, doc)
-        })
-
-        assert.deepEqual(s2.text.toSpans(), [
-          { attributes: { link: 'https://quilljs.com' } },
-          { image: 'https://quilljs.com/assets/images/icon.png'},
-          { attributes: { link: null } },
-        ])
-      })
-    })
   })
 
   it('should support unicode when creating text', () => {
     s1 = Automerge.from({
-      text: new Automerge.Text('🐦')
+      text: '🐦'
     })
-    assert.strictEqual(s1.text.get(0), '🐦')
+    assert.strictEqual(s1.text, '🐦')
   })
 })

rust/automerge-c/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
 automerge
 automerge.h
 automerge.o
+*.cmake
+CMakeFiles
+Makefile
+DartConfiguration.tcl
+config.h
+CMakeCache.txt
+Cargo

rust/automerge-c/test/doc_tests.c

@@ -60,11 +60,16 @@ static void test_AMkeys_empty() {
 static void test_AMkeys_list() {
     AMresultStack* stack = NULL;
     AMdoc* const doc = AMpush(&stack, AMcreate(NULL), AM_VALUE_DOC, cmocka_cb).doc;
-    AMfree(AMlistPutInt(doc, AM_ROOT, 0, true, 1));
-    AMfree(AMlistPutInt(doc, AM_ROOT, 1, true, 2));
-    AMfree(AMlistPutInt(doc, AM_ROOT, 2, true, 3));
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(
+        &stack,
+        AMmapPutObject(doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;
+    AMfree(AMlistPutInt(doc, list, 0, true, 0));
+    AMfree(AMlistPutInt(doc, list, 1, true, 0));
+    AMfree(AMlistPutInt(doc, list, 2, true, 0));
     AMstrs forward = AMpush(&stack,
-                            AMkeys(doc, AM_ROOT, NULL),
+                            AMkeys(doc, list, NULL),
                             AM_VALUE_STRS,
                             cmocka_cb).strs;
     assert_int_equal(AMstrsSize(&forward), 3);
@@ -72,35 +77,35 @@ static void test_AMkeys_list() {
     assert_int_equal(AMstrsSize(&reverse), 3);
     /* Forward iterator forward. */
     AMbyteSpan str = AMstrsNext(&forward, 1);
-    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "1@"), str.src);
-    str = AMstrsNext(&forward, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "2@"), str.src);
     str = AMstrsNext(&forward, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "3@"), str.src);
+    str = AMstrsNext(&forward, 1);
+    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "4@"), str.src);
     assert_null(AMstrsNext(&forward, 1).src);
-    /* Forward iterator reverse. */
+    // /* Forward iterator reverse. */
+    str = AMstrsPrev(&forward, 1);
+    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "4@"), str.src);
     str = AMstrsPrev(&forward, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "3@"), str.src);
     str = AMstrsPrev(&forward, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "2@"), str.src);
-    str = AMstrsPrev(&forward, 1);
-    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "1@"), str.src);
     assert_null(AMstrsPrev(&forward, 1).src);
     /* Reverse iterator forward. */
     str = AMstrsNext(&reverse, 1);
+    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "4@"), str.src);
+    str = AMstrsNext(&reverse, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "3@"), str.src);
     str = AMstrsNext(&reverse, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "2@"), str.src);
-    str = AMstrsNext(&reverse, 1);
-    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "1@"), str.src);
-    /* Reverse iterator reverse. */
     assert_null(AMstrsNext(&reverse, 1).src);
-    str = AMstrsPrev(&reverse, 1);
-    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "1@"), str.src);
+    /* Reverse iterator reverse. */
     str = AMstrsPrev(&reverse, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "2@"), str.src);
     str = AMstrsPrev(&reverse, 1);
     assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "3@"), str.src);
+    str = AMstrsPrev(&reverse, 1);
+    assert_ptr_equal(strstr(str.src, "4@"), str.src);
     assert_null(AMstrsPrev(&reverse, 1).src);
     AMfreeStack(&stack);
 }
@@ -202,16 +207,20 @@ static void test_AMputActor_str(void **state) {
 static void test_AMspliceText() {
     AMresultStack* stack = NULL;
     AMdoc* const doc = AMpush(&stack, AMcreate(NULL), AM_VALUE_DOC, cmocka_cb).doc;
-    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, AM_ROOT, 0, 0, AMstr("one + ")));
-    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, AM_ROOT, 4, 2, AMstr("two = ")));
-    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, AM_ROOT, 8, 2, AMstr("three")));
-    AMbyteSpan const text = AMpush(&stack,
-                                    AMtext(doc, AM_ROOT, NULL),
+    AMobjId const* const text = AMpush(&stack,
+                                       AMmapPutObject(doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("text"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_TEXT),
+                                       AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
+                                       cmocka_cb).obj_id;    
+    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 0, 0, AMstr("one + ")));
+    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 4, 2, AMstr("two = ")));
+    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 8, 2, AMstr("three")));
+    AMbyteSpan const str = AMpush(&stack,
+                                  AMtext(doc, text, NULL),
                                   AM_VALUE_STR,
                                   cmocka_cb).str;
-    static char const* const TEXT_VALUE = "one two three";
-    assert_int_equal(text.count, strlen(TEXT_VALUE));
-    assert_memory_equal(text.src, TEXT_VALUE, text.count);
+    static char const* const STR_VALUE = "one two three";
+    assert_int_equal(str.count, strlen(STR_VALUE));
+    assert_memory_equal(str.src, STR_VALUE, str.count);
     AMfreeStack(&stack);
 }
 

rust/automerge-c/test/list_tests.c

@@ -18,15 +18,20 @@
 
 static void test_AMlistIncrement(void** state) {
     GroupState* group_state = *state;
-    AMfree(AMlistPutCounter(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, true, 0));
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(
+        &group_state->stack,
+        AMmapPutObject(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;
+    AMfree(AMlistPutCounter(group_state->doc, list, 0, true, 0));
     assert_int_equal(AMpush(&group_state->stack,
-                            AMlistGet(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, NULL),
+                            AMlistGet(group_state->doc, list, 0, NULL),
                             AM_VALUE_COUNTER,
                             cmocka_cb).counter, 0);
     AMfree(AMpop(&group_state->stack));
-    AMfree(AMlistIncrement(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, 3));
+    AMfree(AMlistIncrement(group_state->doc, list, 0, 3));
     assert_int_equal(AMpush(&group_state->stack,
-                            AMlistGet(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, NULL),
+                            AMlistGet(group_state->doc, list, 0, NULL),
                             AM_VALUE_COUNTER,
                             cmocka_cb).counter, 3);
     AMfree(AMpop(&group_state->stack));
@@ -37,14 +42,19 @@ static void test_AMlistIncrement(void** state) {
 #define static_void_test_AMlistPut(suffix, mode, member, scalar_value)             \
 static void test_AMlistPut ## suffix ## _ ## mode(void **state) {                  \
     GroupState* group_state = *state;                                              \
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(                                            \
+        &group_state->stack,                                                       \
+        AMmapPutObject(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),\
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,                                                           \
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;                                                         \
     AMfree(AMlistPut ## suffix(group_state->doc,                                   \
-                               AM_ROOT,                                       \
+                               list,                                               \
                                0,                                                  \
                                !strcmp(#mode, "insert"),                           \
                                scalar_value));                                     \
     assert_true(AMpush(                                                            \
         &group_state->stack,                                                       \
-        AMlistGet(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, NULL),                        \
+        AMlistGet(group_state->doc, list, 0, NULL),                                \
         AMvalue_discriminant(#suffix),                                             \
         cmocka_cb).member == scalar_value);                                        \
     AMfree(AMpop(&group_state->stack));                                            \
@@ -57,15 +67,20 @@ static void test_AMlistPutBytes_ ## mode(void **state) {                      \
     static size_t const BYTES_SIZE = sizeof(bytes_value) / sizeof(uint8_t);        \
                                                                                    \
     GroupState* group_state = *state;                                              \
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(                                            \
+        &group_state->stack,                                                       \
+        AMmapPutObject(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),\
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,                                                           \
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;                                                         \
     AMfree(AMlistPutBytes(group_state->doc,                                        \
-                          AM_ROOT,                                            \
+                          list,                                                    \
                           0,                                                       \
                           !strcmp(#mode, "insert"),                                \
                           bytes_value,                                             \
                           BYTES_SIZE));                                            \
     AMbyteSpan const bytes = AMpush(                                               \
         &group_state->stack,                                                       \
-        AMlistGet(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, NULL),                        \
+        AMlistGet(group_state->doc, list, 0, NULL),                                \
         AM_VALUE_BYTES,                                                            \
         cmocka_cb).bytes;                                                          \
     assert_int_equal(bytes.count, BYTES_SIZE);                                     \
@@ -78,11 +93,16 @@ static void test_AMlistPutBytes_ ## mode(void **state) {                      \
 #define static_void_test_AMlistPutNull(mode)                                       \
 static void test_AMlistPutNull_ ## mode(void **state) {                            \
     GroupState* group_state = *state;                                              \
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(                                            \
+        &group_state->stack,                                                       \
+        AMmapPutObject(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),\
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,                                                           \
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;                                                         \
     AMfree(AMlistPutNull(group_state->doc,                                         \
-                         AM_ROOT,                                             \
+                         list,                                                     \
                          0,                                                        \
                          !strcmp(#mode, "insert")));                               \
-    AMresult* const result = AMlistGet(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, NULL);   \
+    AMresult* const result = AMlistGet(group_state->doc, list, 0, NULL);           \
     if (AMresultStatus(result) != AM_STATUS_OK) {                                  \
         fail_msg_view("%s", AMerrorMessage(result));                               \
     }                                                                              \
@@ -96,12 +116,17 @@ static void test_AMlistPutNull_ ## mode(void **state) {                       \
 #define static_void_test_AMlistPutObject(label, mode)                              \
 static void test_AMlistPutObject_ ## label ## _ ## mode(void **state) {            \
     GroupState* group_state = *state;                                              \
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(                                            \
+        &group_state->stack,                                                       \
+        AMmapPutObject(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),\
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,                                                           \
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;                                                         \
     AMobjType const obj_type = AMobjType_tag(#label);                              \
     if (obj_type != AM_OBJ_TYPE_VOID) {                                            \
         AMobjId const* const obj_id = AMpush(                                      \
             &group_state->stack,                                                   \
             AMlistPutObject(group_state->doc,                                      \
-                            AM_ROOT,                                          \
+                            list,                                                  \
                             0,                                                     \
                             !strcmp(#mode, "insert"),                              \
                             obj_type),                                             \
@@ -114,7 +139,7 @@ static void test_AMlistPutObject_ ## label ## _ ## mode(void **state) {       \
     else {                                                                         \
         AMpush(&group_state->stack,                                                \
                AMlistPutObject(group_state->doc,                                   \
-                               AM_ROOT,                                       \
+                               list,                                               \
                                0,                                                  \
                                !strcmp(#mode, "insert"),                           \
                                obj_type),                                          \
@@ -131,20 +156,21 @@ static void test_AMlistPutObject_ ## label ## _ ## mode(void **state) {       \
 #define static_void_test_AMlistPutStr(mode, str_value)                             \
 static void test_AMlistPutStr_ ## mode(void **state) {                             \
     GroupState* group_state = *state;                                              \
+    AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(                                            \
+        &group_state->stack,                                                       \
+        AMmapPutObject(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),\
+        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,                                                           \
+        cmocka_cb).obj_id;                                                         \
     AMfree(AMlistPutStr(group_state->doc,                                          \
-                        AM_ROOT,                                              \
+                        list,                                                      \
                         0,                                                         \
                         !strcmp(#mode, "insert"),                                  \
                         AMstr(str_value)));                                        \
     AMbyteSpan const str = AMpush(                                                 \
         &group_state->stack,                                                       \
-        AMlistGet(group_state->doc, AM_ROOT, 0, NULL),                        \
+        AMlistGet(group_state->doc, list, 0, NULL),                                \
         AM_VALUE_STR,                                                              \
         cmocka_cb).str;                                                            \
-    char* const c_str = test_calloc(1, str.count + 1);                        \
-    strncpy(c_str, str.src, str.count);                                       \
-    print_message("str -> \"%s\"\n", c_str);                                  \
-    test_free(c_str);                                                         \
     assert_int_equal(str.count, strlen(str_value));                                \
     assert_memory_equal(str.src, str_value, str.count);                            \
     AMfree(AMpop(&group_state->stack));                                            \
@@ -392,7 +418,7 @@ static void test_insert_at_index(void** state) {
 
     AMobjId const* const list = AMpush(
         &stack,
-        AMlistPutObject(doc, AM_ROOT, 0, true, AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),
+        AMmapPutObject(doc, AM_ROOT, AMstr("list"), AM_OBJ_TYPE_LIST),
         AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
         cmocka_cb).obj_id;
     /* Insert both at the same index. */

rust/automerge-c/test/ported_wasm/basic_tests.c

@@ -709,17 +709,10 @@ static void test_should_be_able_to_splice_text(void** state) {
         cmocka_cb).obj_id;
     /* doc.splice(text, 0, 0, "hello ")                                      */
     AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 0, 0, AMstr("hello ")));
-    /* doc.splice(text, 6, 0, ["w", "o", "r", "l", "d"])                     */
-    static AMvalue const WORLD[] = {{.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "w", .count = 1}},
-                                    {.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "o", .count = 1}},
-                                    {.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "r", .count = 1}},
-                                    {.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "l", .count = 1}},
-                                    {.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "d", .count = 1}}};
-    AMfree(AMsplice(doc, text, 6, 0, WORLD, sizeof(WORLD)/sizeof(AMvalue)));
-    /* doc.splice(text, 11, 0, ["!", "?"])                                   */
-    static AMvalue const INTERROBANG[] = {{.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "!", .count = 1}},
-                                          {.str_tag = AM_VALUE_STR, .str = {.src = "?", .count = 1}}};
-    AMfree(AMsplice(doc, text, 11, 0, INTERROBANG, sizeof(INTERROBANG)/sizeof(AMvalue)));
+    /* doc.splice(text, 6, 0, "world")                                       */
+    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 6, 0, AMstr("world")));
+    /* doc.splice(text, 11, 0, "!?")                                         */
+    AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 11, 0, AMstr("!?")));
     /* assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 0), ["str", "h"])              */
     AMbyteSpan str = AMpush(&stack,
                             AMlistGet(doc, text, 0, NULL),
@@ -765,9 +758,9 @@ static void test_should_be_able_to_splice_text(void** state) {
 }
 
 /**
- * \brief should be able to insert objects into text
+ * \brief should NOT be able to insert objects into text
  */
-static void test_should_be_able_to_insert_objects_into_text(void** state) {
+static void test_should_be_unable_to_insert_objects_into_text(void** state) {
     AMresultStack* stack = *state;
     /* const doc = create()                                                  */
     AMdoc* const doc = AMpush(&stack, AMcreate(NULL), AM_VALUE_DOC, cmocka_cb).doc;
@@ -778,32 +771,14 @@ static void test_should_be_able_to_insert_objects_into_text(void** state) {
         AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
         cmocka_cb).obj_id;
     AMfree(AMspliceText(doc, text, 0, 0, AMstr("Hello world")));
-    /* const obj = doc.insertObject(text, 6, { hello: "world" });            */
-    AMobjId const* const obj = AMpush(
-        &stack,
+    /* assert.throws(() => {
+       doc.insertObject(text, 6, { hello: "world" });
+    })                                                                       */
+    AMpush(&stack,
            AMlistPutObject(doc, text, 6, true, AM_OBJ_TYPE_MAP),
-        AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
-        cmocka_cb).obj_id;
-    AMfree(AMmapPutStr(doc, obj, AMstr("hello"), AMstr("world")));
-    /* assert.deepEqual(doc.text(text), "Hello \ufffcworld");                */
-    AMbyteSpan str = AMpush(&stack,
-                            AMtext(doc, text, NULL),
-                            AM_VALUE_STR,
-                            cmocka_cb).str;
-    assert_int_equal(str.count, strlen(u8"Hello \ufffcworld"));
-    assert_memory_equal(str.src, u8"Hello \ufffcworld", str.count);
-    /* assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 6), ["map", obj]);             */
-    assert_true(AMobjIdEqual(AMpush(&stack,
-                                    AMlistGet(doc, text, 6, NULL),
-                                    AM_VALUE_OBJ_ID,
-                                    cmocka_cb).obj_id, obj));
-    /* assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(obj, "hello"), ["str", "world"]);    */
-    str = AMpush(&stack,
-                 AMmapGet(doc, obj, AMstr("hello"), NULL),
-                 AM_VALUE_STR,
-                 cmocka_cb).str;
-    assert_int_equal(str.count, strlen("world"));
-    assert_memory_equal(str.src, "world", str.count);
+           AM_VALUE_VOID,
+           NULL);
+    assert_int_not_equal(AMresultStatus(stack->result), AM_STATUS_OK);
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1873,7 +1848,7 @@ int run_ported_wasm_basic_tests(void) {
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_able_to_del, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_able_to_use_counters, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_able_to_splice_text, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
-        cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_able_to_insert_objects_into_text, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
+        cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_unable_to_insert_objects_into_text, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_able_to_save_all_or_incrementally, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_should_be_able_to_splice_text_2, setup_stack, teardown_stack),
         cmocka_unit_test_setup_teardown(test_local_inc_increments_all_visible_counters_in_a_map, setup_stack, teardown_stack),

rust/automerge-wasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ hex = "^0.4.3"
 regex = "^1.5"
 itertools = "^0.10.3"
 thiserror = "^1.0.16"
+ropey = "1.5.0"
 
 [dependencies.wasm-bindgen]
 version = "^0.2.83"

rust/automerge-wasm/README.md

@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Lists are index addressable sets of values.  These values can be any scalar or o
 
 ### Text
 
-Text is a specialized list type intended for modifying a text document.  The primary way to interact with a text document is via the `splice()` method. Spliced strings will be indexable by character (important to note for platforms that index by graphmeme cluster).  Non text can be inserted into a text document and will be represented with the unicode object replacement character.
+Text is a specialized list type intended for modifying a text document.  The primary way to interact with a text document is via the `splice()` method. Spliced strings will be indexable by character (important to note for platforms that index by graphmeme cluster).
 
 ```javascript
     let doc = create("aaaaaa")
@@ -162,12 +162,6 @@ Text is a specialized list type intended for modifying a text document.  The pri
     doc.splice(notes, 6, 5, "everyone")
 
     doc.text(notes)      // returns "Hello everyone"
-
-    let obj = doc.insertObject(notes, 6, { hi: "there" })
-
-    doc.text(notes)       // returns "Hello \ufffceveryone"
-    doc.getWithType(notes, 6)   // returns ["map", obj]
-    doc.get(obj, "hi") // returns "there"
 ```
 
 ### Tables

rust/automerge-wasm/package.json

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@
     "target": "rimraf ./$TARGET && yarn compile && yarn bindgen && yarn opt",
     "compile": "cargo build --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --profile $PROFILE",
     "bindgen": "wasm-bindgen --no-typescript --weak-refs --target $TARGET --out-dir $TARGET ../target/wasm32-unknown-unknown/$TARGET_DIR/automerge_wasm.wasm",
-    "opt": "wasm-opt -O4 $TARGET/automerge_wasm_bg.wasm -o $TARGET/automerge_wasm_bg.wasm",
+    "opt": "wasm-opt -Oz $TARGET/automerge_wasm_bg.wasm -o $TARGET/automerge_wasm_bg.wasm",
     "test": "ts-mocha -p tsconfig.json --type-check --bail --full-trace test/*.ts"
   },
   "devDependencies": {

rust/automerge-wasm/src/interop.rs

@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@ use crate::value::Datatype;
 use crate::Automerge;
 use automerge as am;
 use automerge::transaction::Transactable;
+use automerge::ROOT;
 use automerge::{Change, ChangeHash, ObjType, Prop};
-use js_sys::{Array, Function, Object, Reflect, Symbol, Uint8Array};
+use js_sys::{Array, Function, JsString, Object, Reflect, Symbol, Uint8Array};
 use std::collections::{BTreeSet, HashSet};
 use std::fmt::Display;
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
@@ -410,13 +411,13 @@ pub(crate) fn js_get_symbol<J: Into<JsValue>>(obj: J, prop: &Symbol) -> Result<J
     )?))
 }
 
-pub(crate) fn to_prop(p: JsValue) -> Result<Prop, super::error::InvalidProp> {
+pub(crate) fn to_prop(p: JsValue) -> Result<Prop, error::InvalidProp> {
     if let Some(s) = p.as_string() {
         Ok(Prop::Map(s))
     } else if let Some(n) = p.as_f64() {
         Ok(Prop::Seq(n as usize))
     } else {
-        Err(super::error::InvalidProp)
+        Err(error::InvalidProp)
     }
 }
 
@@ -469,13 +470,8 @@ pub(crate) fn to_objtype(
                     .map(|(key, val)| (key.as_string().unwrap().into(), val))
                     .collect();
                 Some((ObjType::Map, map))
-            } else if let Some(text) = value.as_string() {
-                let text = text
-                    .chars()
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .map(|(i, ch)| (i.into(), ch.to_string().into()))
-                    .collect();
-                Some((ObjType::Text, text))
+            } else if value.as_string().is_some() {
+                Some((ObjType::Text, vec![(0.into(), value.clone())]))
             } else {
                 None
             }
@@ -506,22 +502,32 @@ impl Automerge {
         heads: Option<&Vec<ChangeHash>>,
         meta: &JsValue,
     ) -> Result<JsValue, error::Export> {
-        let result = if datatype.is_sequence() {
-            self.wrap_object(
+        let result = match datatype {
+            Datatype::Text => {
+                if let Some(heads) = heads {
+                    self.doc.text_at(obj, heads)?.into()
+                } else {
+                    self.doc.text(obj)?.into()
+                }
+            }
+            Datatype::List => self
+                .wrap_object(
                     self.export_list(obj, heads, meta)?,
                     datatype,
                     &obj.to_string().into(),
                     meta,
                 )?
-        } else {
-            self.wrap_object(
+                .into(),
+            _ => self
+                .wrap_object(
                     self.export_map(obj, heads, meta)?,
                     datatype,
                     &obj.to_string().into(),
                     meta,
                 )?
+                .into(),
         };
-        Ok(result.into())
+        Ok(result)
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn export_map(
@@ -668,7 +674,7 @@ impl Automerge {
         } else {
             value
         };
-        if matches!(datatype, Datatype::Map | Datatype::List | Datatype::Text) {
+        if matches!(datatype, Datatype::Map | Datatype::List) {
             set_hidden_value(&value, &Symbol::for_(RAW_OBJECT_SYMBOL), id)?;
         }
         set_hidden_value(&value, &Symbol::for_(DATATYPE_SYMBOL), datatype)?;
@@ -684,12 +690,23 @@ impl Automerge {
         array: &Object,
         patch: &Patch,
         meta: &JsValue,
+        exposed: &mut HashSet<ObjId>,
     ) -> Result<Object, error::ApplyPatch> {
         let result = Array::from(array); // shallow copy
         match patch {
-            Patch::PutSeq { index, value, .. } => {
+            Patch::PutSeq {
+                index,
+                value,
+                expose,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                if *expose && value.0.is_object() {
+                    exposed.insert(value.1.clone());
+                    js_set(&result, *index as f64, &JsValue::null())?;
+                } else {
                     let sub_val = self.maybe_wrap_object(alloc(&value.0), &value.1, meta)?;
                     js_set(&result, *index as f64, &sub_val)?;
+                }
                 Ok(result.into())
             }
             Patch::DeleteSeq { index, .. } => {
@@ -717,6 +734,8 @@ impl Automerge {
             }
             Patch::DeleteMap { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::DeleteKeyFromSeq),
             Patch::PutMap { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::PutKeyInSeq),
+            //Patch::SpliceText { .. } => Err(to_js_err("cannot splice text in seq")),
+            Patch::SpliceText { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::SpliceTextInSeq),
         }
     }
 
@@ -725,12 +744,20 @@ impl Automerge {
         map: &Object,
         patch: &Patch,
         meta: &JsValue,
+        exposed: &mut HashSet<ObjId>,
     ) -> Result<Object, error::ApplyPatch> {
         let result = Object::assign(&Object::new(), map); // shallow copy
         match patch {
-            Patch::PutMap { key, value, .. } => {
+            Patch::PutMap {
+                key, value, expose, ..
+            } => {
+                if *expose && value.0.is_object() {
+                    exposed.insert(value.1.clone());
+                    js_set(&result, key, &JsValue::null())?;
+                } else {
                     let sub_val = self.maybe_wrap_object(alloc(&value.0), &value.1, meta)?;
                     js_set(&result, key, &sub_val)?;
+                }
                 Ok(result)
             }
             Patch::DeleteMap { key, .. } => {
@@ -760,6 +787,8 @@ impl Automerge {
             }
             Patch::Insert { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::InsertInMap),
             Patch::DeleteSeq { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::SpliceInMap),
+            //Patch::SpliceText { .. } => Err(to_js_err("cannot Splice into map")),
+            Patch::SpliceText { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::SpliceTextInMap),
             Patch::PutSeq { .. } => Err(error::ApplyPatch::PutIdxInMap),
         }
     }
@@ -770,12 +799,23 @@ impl Automerge {
         patch: &Patch,
         depth: usize,
         meta: &JsValue,
+        exposed: &mut HashSet<ObjId>,
     ) -> Result<Object, error::ApplyPatch> {
         let (inner, datatype, id) = self.unwrap_object(&obj)?;
         let prop = patch.path().get(depth).map(|p| prop_to_js(&p.1));
         let result = if let Some(prop) = prop {
-            if let Ok(sub_obj) = js_get(&inner, &prop)?.0.dyn_into::<Object>() {
-                let new_value = self.apply_patch(sub_obj, patch, depth + 1, meta)?;
+            let subval = js_get(&inner, &prop)?.0;
+            if subval.is_string() && patch.path().len() - 1 == depth {
+                if let Ok(s) = subval.dyn_into::<JsString>() {
+                    let new_value = self.apply_patch_to_text(&s, patch)?;
+                    let result = shallow_copy(&inner);
+                    js_set(&result, &prop, &new_value)?;
+                    Ok(result)
+                } else {
+                    panic!("string is not JsString")
+                }
+            } else if let Ok(sub_obj) = js_get(&inner, &prop)?.0.dyn_into::<Object>() {
+                let new_value = self.apply_patch(sub_obj, patch, depth + 1, meta, exposed)?;
                 let result = shallow_copy(&inner);
                 js_set(&result, &prop, &new_value)?;
                 Ok(result)
@@ -785,15 +825,46 @@ impl Automerge {
                 return Ok(obj);
             }
         } else if Array::is_array(&inner) {
-            self.apply_patch_to_array(&inner, patch, meta)
+            if id.as_string() == Some(patch.obj().to_string()) {
+                self.apply_patch_to_array(&inner, patch, meta, exposed)
             } else {
-            self.apply_patch_to_map(&inner, patch, meta)
+                Ok(Array::from(&inner).into())
+            }
+        } else if id.as_string() == Some(patch.obj().to_string()) {
+            self.apply_patch_to_map(&inner, patch, meta, exposed)
+        } else {
+            Ok(Object::assign(&Object::new(), &inner))
         }?;
 
         self.wrap_object(result, datatype, &id, meta)
             .map_err(|e| e.into())
     }
 
+    fn apply_patch_to_text(
+        &self,
+        string: &JsString,
+        patch: &Patch,
+    ) -> Result<JsValue, error::ApplyPatch> {
+        match patch {
+            Patch::DeleteSeq { index, length, .. } => {
+                let index = *index as u32;
+                let before = string.slice(0, index);
+                let after = string.slice(index + *length as u32, string.length());
+                let result = before.concat(&after);
+                Ok(result.into())
+            }
+            Patch::SpliceText { index, value, .. } => {
+                let index = index.1 as u32;
+                let length = string.length();
+                let before = string.slice(0, index);
+                let after = string.slice(index, length);
+                let result = before.concat(&value.to_string().into()).concat(&after);
+                Ok(result.into())
+            }
+            _ => Ok(string.into()),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn sub_splice<'a, I: IntoIterator<Item = &'a (Value<'a>, ObjId)>>(
         &self,
         o: Array,
@@ -815,6 +886,170 @@ impl Automerge {
         Reflect::apply(&method, &o, &args).map_err(error::Export::CallSplice)?;
         Ok(o.into())
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn import(&self, id: JsValue) -> Result<(ObjId, am::ObjType), error::ImportObj> {
+        if let Some(s) = id.as_string() {
+            if let Some(components) = s.strip_prefix('/').map(|post| post.split('/')) {
+                self.import_path(components)
+                    .map_err(|e| error::ImportObj::InvalidPath(s.to_string(), e))
+            } else {
+                let id = self.doc.import(&s).map_err(error::ImportObj::BadImport)?;
+                // SAFETY: we just looked this up
+                let obj_type = self.doc.object_type(&id).unwrap();
+                Ok((id, obj_type))
+            }
+        } else {
+            Err(error::ImportObj::NotString)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn import_path<'a, I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>>(
+        &self,
+        components: I,
+    ) -> Result<(ObjId, am::ObjType), error::ImportPath> {
+        let mut obj = ROOT;
+        let mut obj_type = am::ObjType::Map;
+        for (i, prop) in components.enumerate() {
+            if prop.is_empty() {
+                break;
+            }
+            let is_map = matches!(obj_type, am::ObjType::Map | am::ObjType::Table);
+            let val = if is_map {
+                self.doc.get(obj, prop)?
+            } else {
+                let idx = prop
+                    .parse()
+                    .map_err(|_| error::ImportPath::IndexNotInteger(i, prop.to_string()))?;
+                self.doc.get(obj, am::Prop::Seq(idx))?
+            };
+            match val {
+                Some((am::Value::Object(am::ObjType::Map), id)) => {
+                    obj_type = am::ObjType::Map;
+                    obj = id;
+                }
+                Some((am::Value::Object(am::ObjType::Table), id)) => {
+                    obj_type = am::ObjType::Table;
+                    obj = id;
+                }
+                Some((am::Value::Object(am::ObjType::List), id)) => {
+                    obj_type = am::ObjType::List;
+                    obj = id;
+                }
+                Some((am::Value::Object(am::ObjType::Text), id)) => {
+                    obj_type = am::ObjType::Text;
+                    obj = id;
+                }
+                None => return Err(error::ImportPath::NonExistentObject(i, prop.to_string())),
+                _ => return Err(error::ImportPath::NotAnObject),
+            };
+        }
+        Ok((obj, obj_type))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn import_prop(&self, prop: JsValue) -> Result<Prop, error::InvalidProp> {
+        if let Some(s) = prop.as_string() {
+            Ok(s.into())
+        } else if let Some(n) = prop.as_f64() {
+            Ok((n as usize).into())
+        } else {
+            Err(error::InvalidProp)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn import_scalar(
+        &self,
+        value: &JsValue,
+        datatype: &Option<String>,
+    ) -> Option<am::ScalarValue> {
+        match datatype.as_deref() {
+            Some("boolean") => value.as_bool().map(am::ScalarValue::Boolean),
+            Some("int") => value.as_f64().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::Int(v as i64)),
+            Some("uint") => value.as_f64().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::Uint(v as u64)),
+            Some("str") => value.as_string().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::Str(v.into())),
+            Some("f64") => value.as_f64().map(am::ScalarValue::F64),
+            Some("bytes") => Some(am::ScalarValue::Bytes(
+                value.clone().dyn_into::<Uint8Array>().unwrap().to_vec(),
+            )),
+            Some("counter") => value.as_f64().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::counter(v as i64)),
+            Some("timestamp") => {
+                if let Some(v) = value.as_f64() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Timestamp(v as i64))
+                } else if let Ok(d) = value.clone().dyn_into::<js_sys::Date>() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Timestamp(d.get_time() as i64))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+            Some("null") => Some(am::ScalarValue::Null),
+            Some(_) => None,
+            None => {
+                if value.is_null() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Null)
+                } else if let Some(b) = value.as_bool() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Boolean(b))
+                } else if let Some(s) = value.as_string() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Str(s.into()))
+                } else if let Some(n) = value.as_f64() {
+                    if (n.round() - n).abs() < f64::EPSILON {
+                        Some(am::ScalarValue::Int(n as i64))
+                    } else {
+                        Some(am::ScalarValue::F64(n))
+                    }
+                } else if let Ok(d) = value.clone().dyn_into::<js_sys::Date>() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Timestamp(d.get_time() as i64))
+                } else if let Ok(o) = &value.clone().dyn_into::<Uint8Array>() {
+                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Bytes(o.to_vec()))
+                } else {
+                    None
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn import_value(
+        &self,
+        value: &JsValue,
+        datatype: Option<String>,
+    ) -> Result<(Value<'static>, Vec<(Prop, JsValue)>), error::InvalidValue> {
+        match self.import_scalar(value, &datatype) {
+            Some(val) => Ok((val.into(), vec![])),
+            None => {
+                if let Some((o, subvals)) = to_objtype(value, &datatype) {
+                    Ok((o.into(), subvals))
+                } else {
+                    web_sys::console::log_2(&"Invalid value".into(), value);
+                    Err(error::InvalidValue)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn finalize_exposed(
+        &self,
+        object: &JsValue,
+        exposed: HashSet<ObjId>,
+        meta: &JsValue,
+    ) -> Result<(), error::ApplyPatch> {
+        for obj in exposed {
+            let mut pointer = object.clone();
+            let obj_type = self.doc.object_type(&obj).unwrap();
+            let path: Vec<_> = self
+                .doc
+                .path_to_object(&obj)?
+                .iter()
+                .map(|p| prop_to_js(&p.1))
+                .collect();
+            let value = self.export_object(&obj, obj_type.into(), None, meta)?;
+            for (i, prop) in path.iter().enumerate() {
+                if i + 1 < path.len() {
+                    pointer = js_get(&pointer, prop)?.0;
+                } else {
+                    js_set(&pointer, prop, &value)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn alloc(value: &Value<'_>) -> (Datatype, JsValue) {
@@ -823,7 +1058,7 @@ pub(crate) fn alloc(value: &Value<'_>) -> (Datatype, JsValue) {
             ObjType::Map => (Datatype::Map, Object::new().into()),
             ObjType::Table => (Datatype::Table, Object::new().into()),
             ObjType::List => (Datatype::List, Array::new().into()),
-            ObjType::Text => (Datatype::Text, Array::new().into()),
+            ObjType::Text => (Datatype::Text, "".into()),
         },
         am::Value::Scalar(s) => match s.as_ref() {
             am::ScalarValue::Bytes(v) => (Datatype::Bytes, Uint8Array::from(v.as_slice()).into()),
@@ -877,7 +1112,7 @@ fn prop_to_js(prop: &Prop) -> JsValue {
 }
 
 pub(crate) mod error {
-    use automerge::LoadChangeError;
+    use automerge::{AutomergeError, LoadChangeError};
     use wasm_bindgen::JsValue;
 
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
@@ -1028,6 +1263,8 @@ pub(crate) mod error {
         GetSplice(JsValue),
         #[error("error calling splice: {0:?}")]
         CallSplice(JsValue),
+        #[error(transparent)]
+        Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
     }
 
     impl From<Export> for JsValue {
@@ -1054,12 +1291,18 @@ pub(crate) mod error {
         InsertInMap,
         #[error("cannot splice into a map")]
         SpliceInMap,
+        #[error("cannot splice text into a seq")]
+        SpliceTextInSeq,
+        #[error("cannot splice text into a map")]
+        SpliceTextInMap,
         #[error("cannot put a seq index in a map")]
         PutIdxInMap,
         #[error(transparent)]
         GetProp(#[from] GetProp),
         #[error(transparent)]
         SetProp(#[from] SetProp),
+        #[error(transparent)]
+        Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
     }
 
     impl From<ApplyPatch> for JsValue {
@@ -1087,4 +1330,40 @@ pub(crate) mod error {
             JsValue::from(e.to_string())
         }
     }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+    pub enum ImportObj {
+        #[error("obj id was not a string")]
+        NotString,
+        #[error("invalid path {0}: {1}")]
+        InvalidPath(String, ImportPath),
+        #[error("unable to import object id: {0}")]
+        BadImport(AutomergeError),
+    }
+
+    impl From<ImportObj> for JsValue {
+        fn from(e: ImportObj) -> Self {
+            JsValue::from(format!("invalid object ID: {}", e))
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+    pub enum ImportPath {
+        #[error(transparent)]
+        Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
+        #[error("path component {0} ({1}) should be an integer to index a sequence")]
+        IndexNotInteger(usize, String),
+        #[error("path component {0} ({1}) referenced a nonexistent object")]
+        NonExistentObject(usize, String),
+        #[error("path did not refer to an object")]
+        NotAnObject,
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+    #[error("given property was not a string or integer")]
+    pub struct InvalidProp;
+
+    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
+    #[error("given property was not a string or integer")]
+    pub struct InvalidValue;
 }

rust/automerge-wasm/src/lib.rs

@@ -29,10 +29,11 @@
 use am::transaction::CommitOptions;
 use am::transaction::{Observed, Transactable, UnObserved};
 use automerge as am;
-use automerge::{Change, ObjId, ObjType, Prop, Value, ROOT};
+use automerge::{Change, ObjId, Prop, Value, ROOT};
 use js_sys::{Array, Function, Object, Uint8Array};
 use serde::ser::Serialize;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::HashSet;
 use std::convert::TryInto;
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 use wasm_bindgen::JsCast;
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ pub struct Automerge {
 impl Automerge {
     pub fn new(actor: Option<String>) -> Result<Automerge, error::BadActorId> {
         let mut doc = AutoCommit::default();
+        doc.set_utf16(true);
         if let Some(a) = actor {
             let a = automerge::ActorId::from(hex::decode(a)?.to_vec());
             doc.set_actor(a);
@@ -104,11 +106,12 @@ impl Automerge {
         heads: JsValue,
     ) -> Result<Automerge, error::Fork> {
         let heads: Result<Vec<am::ChangeHash>, _> = JS(heads).try_into();
-        let doc = if let Ok(heads) = heads {
+        let mut doc = if let Ok(heads) = heads {
             self.doc.fork_at(&heads)?
         } else {
             self.doc.fork()
         };
+        doc.set_utf16(true);
         let mut automerge = Automerge {
             doc,
             freeze: self.freeze,
@@ -188,7 +191,7 @@ impl Automerge {
         let start = start as usize;
         let delete_count = delete_count as usize;
         if let Some(t) = text.as_string() {
-            if obj_type == ObjType::Text {
+            if obj_type == am::ObjType::Text {
                 self.doc.splice_text(&obj, start, delete_count, &t)?;
                 return Ok(());
             }
@@ -202,9 +205,22 @@ impl Automerge {
                 vals.push(value);
             }
         }
-        Ok(self
-            .doc
-            .splice(&obj, start, delete_count, vals.into_iter())?)
+        if !vals.is_empty() {
+            self.doc.splice(&obj, start, delete_count, vals)?;
+        } else {
+                // no vals given but we still need to call the text vs splice
+                // bc utf16
+                match self.doc.object_type(&obj) {
+                    Some(am::ObjType::List) => {
+                        self.doc.splice(&obj, start, delete_count, vals)?;
+                    }
+                    Some(am::ObjType::Text) => {
+                        self.doc.splice_text(&obj, start, delete_count, "")?;
+                    }
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+        }
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn push(
@@ -229,11 +245,16 @@ impl Automerge {
         value: JsValue,
     ) -> Result<Option<String>, error::InsertObject> {
         let (obj, _) = self.import(obj)?;
-        let (value, subvals) =
+        let (objtype, subvals) =
             to_objtype(&value, &None).ok_or(error::InsertObject::ValueNotObject)?;
         let index = self.doc.length(&obj);
-        let opid = self.doc.insert_object(&obj, index, value)?;
+        let opid = self.doc.insert_object(&obj, index, objtype)?;
+        if objtype == am::ObjType::Text {
+            self.doc
+                .splice_text(&opid, 0, 0, &value.as_string().unwrap_or_default())?;
+        } else {
             self.subset::<error::InsertObject>(&opid, subvals)?;
+        }
         Ok(opid.to_string().into())
     }
 
@@ -262,10 +283,15 @@ impl Automerge {
     ) -> Result<Option<String>, error::InsertObject> {
         let (obj, _) = self.import(obj)?;
         let index = index as f64;
-        let (value, subvals) =
+        let (objtype, subvals) =
             to_objtype(&value, &None).ok_or(error::InsertObject::ValueNotObject)?;
-        let opid = self.doc.insert_object(&obj, index as usize, value)?;
+        let opid = self.doc.insert_object(&obj, index as usize, objtype)?;
+        if objtype == am::ObjType::Text {
+            self.doc
+                .splice_text(&opid, 0, 0, &value.as_string().unwrap_or_default())?;
+        } else {
             self.subset::<error::InsertObject>(&opid, subvals)?;
+        }
         Ok(opid.to_string().into())
     }
 
@@ -294,16 +320,23 @@ impl Automerge {
     ) -> Result<JsValue, error::InsertObject> {
         let (obj, _) = self.import(obj)?;
         let prop = self.import_prop(prop)?;
-        let (value, subvals) =
+        let (objtype, subvals) =
             to_objtype(&value, &None).ok_or(error::InsertObject::ValueNotObject)?;
-        let opid = self.doc.put_object(&obj, prop, value)?;
+        let opid = self.doc.put_object(&obj, prop, objtype)?;
+        if objtype == am::ObjType::Text {
+            self.doc
+                .splice_text(&opid, 0, 0, &value.as_string().unwrap_or_default())?;
+        } else {
             self.subset::<error::InsertObject>(&opid, subvals)?;
+        }
         Ok(opid.to_string().into())
     }
 
     fn subset<E>(&mut self, obj: &am::ObjId, vals: Vec<(am::Prop, JsValue)>) -> Result<(), E>
     where
-        E: From<automerge::AutomergeError> + From<error::ImportObj> + From<error::InvalidValue>,
+        E: From<automerge::AutomergeError>
+            + From<interop::error::ImportObj>
+            + From<interop::error::InvalidValue>,
     {
         for (p, v) in vals {
             let (value, subvals) = self.import_value(&v, None)?;
@@ -498,17 +531,27 @@ impl Automerge {
             object = self.wrap_object(object, datatype, &id, &meta)?;
         }
 
-        for p in patches {
-            if let Some(c) = &callback {
+        let mut exposed = HashSet::default();
+
         let before = object.clone();
-                object = self.apply_patch(object, &p, 0, &meta)?;
-                c.call3(&JsValue::undefined(), &p.try_into()?, &before, &object)
+
+        for p in &patches {
+            object = self.apply_patch(object, p, 0, &meta, &mut exposed)?;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(c) = &callback {
+            if !patches.is_empty() {
+                let patches: Array = patches
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(JsValue::try_from)
+                    .collect::<Result<_, _>>()?;
+                c.call3(&JsValue::undefined(), &patches.into(), &before, &object)
                     .map_err(error::ApplyPatch::PatchCallback)?;
-            } else {
-                object = self.apply_patch(object, &p, 0, &meta)?;
             }
         }
 
+        self.finalize_exposed(&object, exposed, &meta)?;
+
         Ok(object.into())
     }
 
@@ -673,145 +716,11 @@ impl Automerge {
         heads: Option<Array>,
         meta: JsValue,
     ) -> Result<JsValue, error::Materialize> {
-        let (obj, obj_type) = self.import(obj).unwrap_or((ROOT, ObjType::Map));
+        let (obj, obj_type) = self.import(obj).unwrap_or((ROOT, am::ObjType::Map));
         let heads = get_heads(heads)?;
         let _patches = self.doc.observer().take_patches(); // throw away patches
         Ok(self.export_object(&obj, obj_type.into(), heads.as_ref(), &meta)?)
     }
-
-    fn import(&self, id: JsValue) -> Result<(ObjId, ObjType), error::ImportObj> {
-        if let Some(s) = id.as_string() {
-            if let Some(components) = s.strip_prefix('/').map(|post| post.split('/')) {
-                self.import_path(components)
-                    .map_err(|e| error::ImportObj::InvalidPath(s.to_string(), e))
-            } else {
-                let id = self.doc.import(&s).map_err(error::ImportObj::BadImport)?;
-                // SAFETY: we just looked this up
-                let obj_type = self.doc.object_type(&id).unwrap();
-                Ok((id, obj_type))
-            }
-        } else {
-            Err(error::ImportObj::NotString)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn import_path<'a, I: Iterator<Item = &'a str>>(
-        &self,
-        components: I,
-    ) -> Result<(ObjId, ObjType), error::ImportPath> {
-        let mut obj = ROOT;
-        let mut obj_type = ObjType::Map;
-        for (i, prop) in components.enumerate() {
-            if prop.is_empty() {
-                break;
-            }
-            let is_map = matches!(obj_type, ObjType::Map | ObjType::Table);
-            let val = if is_map {
-                self.doc.get(obj, prop)?
-            } else {
-                let idx = prop
-                    .parse()
-                    .map_err(|_| error::ImportPath::IndexNotInteger(i, prop.to_string()))?;
-                self.doc.get(obj, am::Prop::Seq(idx))?
-            };
-            match val {
-                Some((am::Value::Object(ObjType::Map), id)) => {
-                    obj_type = ObjType::Map;
-                    obj = id;
-                }
-                Some((am::Value::Object(ObjType::Table), id)) => {
-                    obj_type = ObjType::Table;
-                    obj = id;
-                }
-                Some((am::Value::Object(ObjType::List), id)) => {
-                    obj_type = ObjType::List;
-                    obj = id;
-                }
-                Some((am::Value::Object(ObjType::Text), id)) => {
-                    obj_type = ObjType::Text;
-                    obj = id;
-                }
-                None => return Err(error::ImportPath::NonExistentObject(i, prop.to_string())),
-                _ => return Err(error::ImportPath::NotAnObject),
-            };
-        }
-        Ok((obj, obj_type))
-    }
-
-    fn import_prop(&self, prop: JsValue) -> Result<Prop, error::InvalidProp> {
-        if let Some(s) = prop.as_string() {
-            Ok(s.into())
-        } else if let Some(n) = prop.as_f64() {
-            Ok((n as usize).into())
-        } else {
-            Err(error::InvalidProp)
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn import_scalar(&self, value: &JsValue, datatype: &Option<String>) -> Option<am::ScalarValue> {
-        match datatype.as_deref() {
-            Some("boolean") => value.as_bool().map(am::ScalarValue::Boolean),
-            Some("int") => value.as_f64().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::Int(v as i64)),
-            Some("uint") => value.as_f64().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::Uint(v as u64)),
-            Some("str") => value.as_string().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::Str(v.into())),
-            Some("f64") => value.as_f64().map(am::ScalarValue::F64),
-            Some("bytes") => Some(am::ScalarValue::Bytes(
-                value.clone().dyn_into::<Uint8Array>().unwrap().to_vec(),
-            )),
-            Some("counter") => value.as_f64().map(|v| am::ScalarValue::counter(v as i64)),
-            Some("timestamp") => {
-                if let Some(v) = value.as_f64() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Timestamp(v as i64))
-                } else if let Ok(d) = value.clone().dyn_into::<js_sys::Date>() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Timestamp(d.get_time() as i64))
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-            Some("null") => Some(am::ScalarValue::Null),
-            Some(_) => None,
-            None => {
-                if value.is_null() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Null)
-                } else if let Some(b) = value.as_bool() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Boolean(b))
-                } else if let Some(s) = value.as_string() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Str(s.into()))
-                } else if let Some(n) = value.as_f64() {
-                    if (n.round() - n).abs() < f64::EPSILON {
-                        Some(am::ScalarValue::Int(n as i64))
-                    } else {
-                        Some(am::ScalarValue::F64(n))
-                    }
-                } else if let Ok(d) = value.clone().dyn_into::<js_sys::Date>() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Timestamp(d.get_time() as i64))
-                } else if let Ok(o) = &value.clone().dyn_into::<Uint8Array>() {
-                    Some(am::ScalarValue::Bytes(o.to_vec()))
-                } else {
-                    None
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn import_value(
-        &self,
-        value: &JsValue,
-        datatype: Option<String>,
-    ) -> Result<(Value<'static>, Vec<(Prop, JsValue)>), error::InvalidValue> {
-        match self.import_scalar(value, &datatype) {
-            Some(val) => Ok((val.into(), vec![])),
-            None => {
-                if let Some((o, subvals)) = to_objtype(value, &datatype) {
-                    Ok((o.into(), subvals))
-                } else {
-                    web_sys::console::log_2(&"Invalid value".into(), value);
-                    Err(error::InvalidValue)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
     #[wasm_bindgen(js_name = emptyChange)]
     pub fn empty_change(&mut self, message: Option<String>, time: Option<f64>) -> JsValue {
         let time = time.map(|f| f as i64);
@@ -832,6 +741,7 @@ pub fn load(data: Uint8Array, actor: Option<String>) -> Result<Automerge, error:
     let data = data.to_vec();
     let mut doc =
         am::AutoCommitWithObs::<UnObserved>::load(&data)?.with_observer(Observer::default());
+    doc.set_utf16(true);
     if let Some(s) = actor {
         let actor =
             automerge::ActorId::from(hex::decode(s).map_err(error::BadActorId::from)?.to_vec());
@@ -972,44 +882,16 @@ pub mod error {
         }
     }
 
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    pub enum ImportPath {
-        #[error(transparent)]
-        Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
-        #[error("path component {0} ({1}) should be an integer to index a sequence")]
-        IndexNotInteger(usize, String),
-        #[error("path component {0} ({1}) referenced a nonexistent object")]
-        NonExistentObject(usize, String),
-        #[error("path did not refer to an object")]
-        NotAnObject,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    pub enum ImportObj {
-        #[error("obj id was not a string")]
-        NotString,
-        #[error("invalid path {0}: {1}")]
-        InvalidPath(String, ImportPath),
-        #[error("unable to import object id: {0}")]
-        BadImport(AutomergeError),
-    }
-
-    impl From<ImportObj> for JsValue {
-        fn from(e: ImportObj) -> Self {
-            JsValue::from(format!("invalid object ID: {}", e))
-        }
-    }
-
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
     pub enum Get {
         #[error("invalid object ID: {0}")]
-        ImportObj(#[from] ImportObj),
+        ImportObj(#[from] interop::error::ImportObj),
         #[error(transparent)]
         Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
         #[error("bad heads: {0}")]
         BadHeads(#[from] interop::error::BadChangeHashes),
         #[error(transparent)]
-        InvalidProp(#[from] InvalidProp),
+        InvalidProp(#[from] interop::error::InvalidProp),
     }
 
     impl From<Get> for JsValue {
@@ -1021,7 +903,7 @@ pub mod error {
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
     pub enum Splice {
         #[error("invalid object ID: {0}")]
-        ImportObj(#[from] ImportObj),
+        ImportObj(#[from] interop::error::ImportObj),
         #[error(transparent)]
         Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
         #[error("value at {0} in values to insert was not a primitive")]
@@ -1037,15 +919,15 @@ pub mod error {
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
     pub enum Insert {
         #[error("invalid object id: {0}")]
-        ImportObj(#[from] ImportObj),
+        ImportObj(#[from] interop::error::ImportObj),
         #[error("the value to insert was not a primitive")]
         ValueNotPrimitive,
         #[error(transparent)]
         Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
         #[error(transparent)]
-        InvalidProp(#[from] InvalidProp),
+        InvalidProp(#[from] interop::error::InvalidProp),
         #[error(transparent)]
-        InvalidValue(#[from] InvalidValue),
+        InvalidValue(#[from] interop::error::InvalidValue),
     }
 
     impl From<Insert> for JsValue {
@@ -1057,15 +939,15 @@ pub mod error {
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
     pub enum InsertObject {
         #[error("invalid object id: {0}")]
-        ImportObj(#[from] ImportObj),
+        ImportObj(#[from] interop::error::ImportObj),
         #[error("the value to insert must be an object")]
         ValueNotObject,
         #[error(transparent)]
         Automerge(#[from] AutomergeError),
         #[error(transparent)]
-        InvalidProp(#[from] InvalidProp),
+        InvalidProp(#[from] interop::error::InvalidProp),
         #[error(transparent)]
-        InvalidValue(#[from] InvalidValue),
+        InvalidValue(#[from] interop::error::InvalidValue),
     }
 
     impl From<InsertObject> for JsValue {
@@ -1074,20 +956,12 @@ pub mod error {
         }
     }
 
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    #[error("given property was not a string or integer")]
-    pub struct InvalidProp;
-
-    #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
-    #[error("given property was not a string or integer")]
-    pub struct InvalidValue;
-
     #[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error)]
     pub enum Increment {
         #[error("invalid object id: {0}")]
-        ImportObj(#[from] ImportObj),
+        ImportObj(#[from] interop::error::ImportObj),
         #[error(transparent)]
-        InvalidProp(#[from] InvalidProp),
+        InvalidProp(#[from] interop::error::InvalidProp),
         #[error("value was not numeric")]
         ValueNotNumeric,
         #[error(transparent)]

rust/automerge-wasm/src/observer.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 #![allow(dead_code)]
 
 use crate::interop::{self, alloc, js_set};
-use automerge::{ObjId, OpObserver, Parents, Prop, SequenceTree, Value};
+use automerge::{Automerge, ObjId, OpObserver, Prop, SequenceTree, Value};
 use js_sys::{Array, Object};
+use ropey::Rope;
 use wasm_bindgen::prelude::*;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
@@ -32,14 +33,14 @@ pub(crate) enum Patch {
         path: Vec<(ObjId, Prop)>,
         key: String,
         value: (Value<'static>, ObjId),
-        conflict: bool,
+        expose: bool,
     },
     PutSeq {
         obj: ObjId,
         path: Vec<(ObjId, Prop)>,
         index: usize,
         value: (Value<'static>, ObjId),
-        conflict: bool,
+        expose: bool,
     },
     Insert {
         obj: ObjId,
@@ -47,6 +48,13 @@ pub(crate) enum Patch {
         index: usize,
         values: SequenceTree<(Value<'static>, ObjId)>,
     },
+    SpliceText {
+        obj: ObjId,
+        path: Vec<(ObjId, Prop)>,
+        index: (usize, usize),
+        length: (usize, usize),
+        value: Rope,
+    },
     Increment {
         obj: ObjId,
         path: Vec<(ObjId, Prop)>,
@@ -69,7 +77,7 @@ pub(crate) enum Patch {
 impl OpObserver for Observer {
     fn insert(
         &mut self,
-        mut parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         obj: ObjId,
         index: usize,
         tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ObjId),
@@ -90,7 +98,7 @@ impl OpObserver for Observer {
                     return;
                 }
             }
-            let path = parents.path();
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
                 let mut values = SequenceTree::new();
                 values.push(value);
                 let patch = Patch::Insert {
@@ -102,16 +110,111 @@ impl OpObserver for Observer {
                 self.patches.push(patch);
             }
         }
+    }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, mut parents: Parents<'_>, obj: ObjId, prop: Prop) {
+    fn splice_text_utf16(
+        &mut self,
+        doc: &Automerge,
+        obj: ObjId,
+        (index8, index16): (usize, usize),
+        (len8, len16): (usize, usize),
+        value: &str,
+    ) {
+        if self.enabled {
+            assert!(len8 <= len16);
+            assert!(index8 <= index16);
+            if let Some(Patch::SpliceText {
+                obj: tail_obj,
+                index: (tail_index8, _),
+                length: (tail_len8, tail_len16),
+                value: prev_value,
+                ..
+            }) = self.patches.last_mut()
+            {
+                let range = *tail_index8..=*tail_index8 + *tail_len8;
+                if tail_obj == &obj && range.contains(&index8) {
+                    prev_value.insert(index8 - *tail_index8, value);
+                    *tail_len16 += len16;
+                    *tail_len8 += len8;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
+                let value = Rope::from_str(value);
+                assert!(len8 == value.len_chars());
+                let patch = Patch::SpliceText {
+                    path,
+                    obj,
+                    index: (index8, index16),
+                    length: (len8, len16),
+                    value,
+                };
+                self.patches.push(patch);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn delete_utf16(
+        &mut self,
+        doc: &Automerge,
+        obj: ObjId,
+        (index8, index16): (usize, usize),
+        (len8, len16): (usize, usize),
+    ) {
+        if self.enabled {
+            assert!(len8 <= len16);
+            assert!(index8 <= index16);
+            match self.patches.last_mut() {
+                Some(Patch::SpliceText {
+                    obj: tail_obj,
+                    index: (tail_index8, _),
+                    length: (tail_len8, tail_len16),
+                    value,
+                    ..
+                }) => {
+                    let range = *tail_index8..*tail_index8 + *tail_len8;
+                    if tail_obj == &obj && range.contains(&index8) {
+                        let start = index8 - *tail_index8;
+                        let end = start + len8;
+                        value.remove(start..end);
+                        *tail_len16 -= len8;
+                        *tail_len16 -= len16;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                Some(Patch::DeleteSeq {
+                    obj: tail_obj,
+                    index: tail_index,
+                    length: tail_length,
+                    ..
+                }) => {
+                    if tail_obj == &obj && index16 == *tail_index {
+                        *tail_length += len16;
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
+                let patch = Patch::DeleteSeq {
+                    path,
+                    obj,
+                    index: index16,
+                    length: len16,
+                };
+                self.patches.push(patch)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn delete(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, obj: ObjId, prop: Prop) {
         if self.enabled {
             if let Some(Patch::Insert {
                     obj: tail_obj,
                     index: tail_index,
                     values,
                     ..
-            }) = self.patches.last_mut()
-            {
+                }) = self.patches.last_mut() {
                     if let Prop::Seq(index) = prop {
                         let range = *tail_index..*tail_index + values.len();
                         if tail_obj == &obj && range.contains(&index) {
@@ -120,7 +223,7 @@ impl OpObserver for Observer {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-            let path = parents.path();
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
                 let patch = match prop {
                     Prop::Map(key) => Patch::DeleteMap { path, obj, key },
                     Prop::Seq(index) => Patch::DeleteSeq {
@@ -133,17 +236,19 @@ impl OpObserver for Observer {
                 self.patches.push(patch)
             }
         }
+    }
 
     fn put(
         &mut self,
-        mut parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         obj: ObjId,
         prop: Prop,
         tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ObjId),
-        conflict: bool,
+        _conflict: bool,
     ) {
         if self.enabled {
-            let path = parents.path();
+            let expose = false;
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
                 let value = (tagged_value.0.to_owned(), tagged_value.1);
                 let patch = match prop {
                     Prop::Map(key) => Patch::PutMap {
@@ -151,29 +256,59 @@ impl OpObserver for Observer {
                         obj,
                         key,
                         value,
-                    conflict,
+                        expose,
                     },
                     Prop::Seq(index) => Patch::PutSeq {
                         path,
                         obj,
                         index,
                         value,
-                    conflict,
+                        expose,
                     },
                 };
                 self.patches.push(patch);
             }
         }
+    }
 
-    fn increment(
+    fn expose(
         &mut self,
-        mut parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         obj: ObjId,
         prop: Prop,
-        tagged_value: (i64, ObjId),
+        tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ObjId),
+        _conflict: bool,
     ) {
         if self.enabled {
-            let path = parents.path();
+            let expose = true;
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
+                let value = (tagged_value.0.to_owned(), tagged_value.1);
+                let patch = match prop {
+                    Prop::Map(key) => Patch::PutMap {
+                        path,
+                        obj,
+                        key,
+                        value,
+                        expose,
+                    },
+                    Prop::Seq(index) => Patch::PutSeq {
+                        path,
+                        obj,
+                        index,
+                        value,
+                        expose,
+                    },
+                };
+                self.patches.push(patch);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flag_conflict(&mut self, _doc: &Automerge, _obj: ObjId, _prop: Prop) {}
+
+    fn increment(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, obj: ObjId, prop: Prop, tagged_value: (i64, ObjId)) {
+        if self.enabled {
+            if let Some(path) = doc.parents(&obj).ok().and_then(|mut p| p.visible_path()) {
                 let value = tagged_value.0;
                 self.patches.push(Patch::Increment {
                     path,
@@ -183,6 +318,7 @@ impl OpObserver for Observer {
                 })
             }
         }
+    }
 
     fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
         self.patches.extend_from_slice(other.patches.as_slice())
@@ -219,6 +355,7 @@ impl Patch {
             Self::PutSeq { path, .. } => path.as_slice(),
             Self::Increment { path, .. } => path.as_slice(),
             Self::Insert { path, .. } => path.as_slice(),
+            Self::SpliceText { path, .. } => path.as_slice(),
             Self::DeleteMap { path, .. } => path.as_slice(),
             Self::DeleteSeq { path, .. } => path.as_slice(),
         }
@@ -230,6 +367,7 @@ impl Patch {
             Self::PutSeq { obj, .. } => obj,
             Self::Increment { obj, .. } => obj,
             Self::Insert { obj, .. } => obj,
+            Self::SpliceText { obj, .. } => obj,
             Self::DeleteMap { obj, .. } => obj,
             Self::DeleteSeq { obj, .. } => obj,
         }
@@ -243,11 +381,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Patch> for JsValue {
         let result = Object::new();
         match p {
             Patch::PutMap {
-                path,
-                key,
-                value,
-                conflict,
-                ..
+                path, key, value, ..
             } => {
                 js_set(&result, "action", "put")?;
                 js_set(
@@ -256,15 +390,10 @@ impl TryFrom<Patch> for JsValue {
                     export_path(path.as_slice(), &Prop::Map(key)),
                 )?;
                 js_set(&result, "value", alloc(&value.0).1)?;
-                js_set(&result, "conflict", &JsValue::from_bool(conflict))?;
                 Ok(result.into())
             }
             Patch::PutSeq {
-                path,
-                index,
-                value,
-                conflict,
-                ..
+                path, index, value, ..
             } => {
                 js_set(&result, "action", "put")?;
                 js_set(
@@ -273,7 +402,6 @@ impl TryFrom<Patch> for JsValue {
                     export_path(path.as_slice(), &Prop::Seq(index)),
                 )?;
                 js_set(&result, "value", alloc(&value.0).1)?;
-                js_set(&result, "conflict", &JsValue::from_bool(conflict))?;
                 Ok(result.into())
             }
             Patch::Insert {
@@ -282,7 +410,7 @@ impl TryFrom<Patch> for JsValue {
                 values,
                 ..
             } => {
-                js_set(&result, "action", "splice")?;
+                js_set(&result, "action", "insert")?;
                 js_set(
                     &result,
                     "path",
@@ -295,6 +423,21 @@ impl TryFrom<Patch> for JsValue {
                 )?;
                 Ok(result.into())
             }
+            Patch::SpliceText {
+                path,
+                index: (_, index16),
+                value,
+                ..
+            } => {
+                js_set(&result, "action", "splice")?;
+                js_set(
+                    &result,
+                    "path",
+                    export_path(path.as_slice(), &Prop::Seq(index16)),
+                )?;
+                js_set(&result, "value", value.to_string())?;
+                Ok(result.into())
+            }
             Patch::Increment {
                 path, prop, value, ..
             } => {

rust/automerge-wasm/src/value.rs

@@ -20,10 +20,6 @@ pub(crate) enum Datatype {
 }
 
 impl Datatype {
-    pub(crate) fn is_sequence(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, Self::List | Self::Text)
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn is_scalar(&self) -> bool {
         !matches!(self, Self::Map | Self::Table | Self::List | Self::Text)
     }

rust/automerge-wasm/test/apply.ts

@@ -104,8 +104,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.putObject("/", "list", "abc");
       const patches = doc1.popPatches()
       assert.deepEqual( patches, [
-        { action: 'put', conflict: false, path: [ 'list' ], value: [] },
-        { action: 'splice', path: [ 'list', 0 ], values: [ 'a', 'b', 'c' ] }])
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'list' ], value: "" },
+        { action: 'splice', path: [ 'list', 0 ], value: 'abc' }])
     })
 
     it('it should allow registering type wrappers', () => {
@@ -140,29 +140,26 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
 
       let mat = doc1.materialize("/")
 
-      assert.deepEqual( mat, { notes: "hello world".split("") } )
+      assert.deepEqual( mat, { notes: "hello world" } )
 
       const doc2 = create()
       let apply : any = doc2.materialize("/") 
       doc2.enablePatches(true)
-      doc2.registerDatatype("text", (n: Value[]) => new String(n.join("")))
       apply = doc2.applyPatches(apply)
 
       doc2.merge(doc1);
       apply = doc2.applyPatches(apply)
       assert.deepEqual(_obj(apply), "_root")
-      assert.deepEqual(_obj(apply['notes']), "1@aaaa")
-      assert.deepEqual( apply, { notes: new String("hello world") } )
+      assert.deepEqual( apply, { notes: "hello world" } )
 
       doc2.splice("/notes", 6, 5, "everyone");
       apply = doc2.applyPatches(apply)
-      assert.deepEqual( apply, { notes: new String("hello everyone") } )
+      assert.deepEqual( apply, { notes: "hello everyone" } )
 
       mat = doc2.materialize("/")
       assert.deepEqual(_obj(mat), "_root")
       // @ts-ignore
-      assert.deepEqual(_obj(mat.notes), "1@aaaa")
-      assert.deepEqual( mat, { notes: new String("hello everyone") } )
+      assert.deepEqual( mat, { notes: "hello everyone" } )
     })
 
     it('should set the OBJECT_ID property on lists, maps, and text objects and not on scalars', () => {
@@ -189,8 +186,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         assert.equal(_obj(applied.bytes), null)
         assert.equal(_obj(applied.counter), null)
         assert.equal(_obj(applied.date), null)
+        assert.equal(_obj(applied.text), null)
 
-        assert.notEqual(_obj(applied.text), null)
         assert.notEqual(_obj(applied.list), null)
         assert.notEqual(_obj(applied.map), null)
     })

rust/automerge-wasm/test/readme.ts

@@ -118,12 +118,6 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc.splice(notes, 6, 5, "everyone")
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc.text(notes), "Hello everyone")
-
-      const obj = doc.insertObject(notes, 6, { hi: "there" })
-
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.text(notes), "Hello \ufffceveryone")
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.get(notes, 6), obj)
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.get(obj, "hi"), "there")
     })
     it('Querying Data (1)', () => {
       const doc1 = create("aabbcc")

rust/automerge-wasm/test/test.ts

@@ -222,8 +222,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
 
       const text = doc.putObject(root, "text", "");
       doc.splice(text, 0, 0, "hello ")
-      doc.splice(text, 6, 0, ["w", "o", "r", "l", "d"])
-      doc.splice(text, 11, 0, ["!", "?"])
+      doc.splice(text, 6, 0, "world")
+      doc.splice(text, 11, 0, "!?")
       assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 0), ["str", "h"])
       assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 1), ["str", "e"])
       assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 9), ["str", "l"])
@@ -232,13 +232,12 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 12), ["str", "?"])
     })
 
-    it('should be able to insert objects into text', () => {
+    it('should NOT be able to insert objects into text', () => {
       const doc = create()
       const text = doc.putObject("/", "text", "Hello world");
-      const obj = doc.insertObject(text, 6, { hello: "world" });
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.text(text), "Hello \ufffcworld");
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(text, 6), ["map", obj]);
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.getWithType(obj, "hello"), ["str", "world"]);
+      assert.throws(() => {
+        doc.insertObject(text, 6, { hello: "world" });
+      })
     })
 
     it('should be able save all or incrementally', () => {
@@ -374,7 +373,6 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
 
     it('recursive sets are possible', () => {
       const doc = create("aaaa")
-      doc.registerDatatype("text", (n: Value[]) => new String(n.join("")))
       const l1 = doc.putObject("_root", "list", [{ foo: "bar" }, [1, 2, 3]])
       const l2 = doc.insertObject(l1, 0, { zip: ["a", "b"] })
       doc.putObject("_root", "info1", "hello world") // 'text' object
@@ -382,13 +380,13 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       const l4 = doc.putObject("_root", "info3", "hello world")
       assert.deepEqual(doc.materialize(), {
         "list": [{ zip: ["a", "b"] }, { foo: "bar" }, [1, 2, 3]],
-        "info1": new String("hello world"),
+        "info1": "hello world",
         "info2": "hello world",
-        "info3": new String("hello world"),
+        "info3": "hello world",
       })
       assert.deepEqual(doc.materialize(l2), { zip: ["a", "b"] })
       assert.deepEqual(doc.materialize(l1), [{ zip: ["a", "b"] }, { foo: "bar" }, [1, 2, 3]])
-      assert.deepEqual(doc.materialize(l4), new String("hello world"))
+      assert.deepEqual(doc.materialize(l4), "hello world")
     })
 
     it('only returns an object id when objects are created', () => {
@@ -477,7 +475,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.enablePatches(true)
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['hello'], value: 'world', conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['hello'], value: 'world' }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -487,9 +485,9 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.enablePatches(true)
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds' ], value: {}, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 'friday' ], value: {}, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 'friday', 'robins' ], value: 3, conflict: false},
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds' ], value: {} },
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 'friday' ], value: {} },
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 'friday', 'robins' ], value: 3},
       ])
     })
 
@@ -501,7 +499,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.delete('_root', 'favouriteBird')
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'favouriteBird' ], value: 'Robin', conflict: false },
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'favouriteBird' ], value: 'Robin' },
         { action: 'del', path: [ 'favouriteBird' ] }
       ])
     })
@@ -512,8 +510,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.enablePatches(true)
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds' ], value: [], conflict: false },
-        { action: 'splice', path: [ 'birds', 0 ], values: ['Goldfinch', 'Chaffinch'] },
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds' ], value: [] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: [ 'birds', 0 ], values: ['Goldfinch', 'Chaffinch'] },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -525,9 +523,9 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.enablePatches(true)
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'splice', path: [ 'birds', 0 ], values: [{}] },
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 0, 'species' ], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 0, 'count', ], value: 3, conflict: false }
+        { action: 'insert', path: [ 'birds', 0 ], values: [{}] },
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 0, 'species' ], value: 'Goldfinch' },
+        { action: 'put', path: [ 'birds', 0, 'count', ], value: 3 }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -543,7 +541,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.getWithType('1@aaaa', 1), ['str', 'Greenfinch'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
         { action: 'del', path: ['birds', 0] },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['birds', 1], values: ['Greenfinch'] }
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['birds', 1], values: ['Greenfinch'] }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -566,10 +564,10 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual([0, 1, 2, 3].map(i => (doc3.getWithType('1@aaaa', i) || [])[1]), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
       assert.deepEqual([0, 1, 2, 3].map(i => (doc4.getWithType('1@aaaa', i) || [])[1]), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['values', 0], values:['a','b','c','d'] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['values', 0], values:['a','b','c','d'] },
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['values',0], values:['a','b','c','d'] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['values',0], values:['a','b','c','d'] },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -592,10 +590,10 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map(i => (doc3.getWithType('1@aaaa', i) || [])[1]), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'])
       assert.deepEqual([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].map(i => (doc4.getWithType('1@aaaa', i) || [])[1]), ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['values', 2], values: ['c','d','e','f'] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['values', 2], values: ['c','d','e','f'] },
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['values', 2], values: ['c','d','e','f'] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['values', 2], values: ['c','d','e','f'] },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -613,12 +611,11 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.getWithType('_root', 'bird'), ['str', 'Goldfinch'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.getAll('_root', 'bird'), [['str', 'Greenfinch', '1@aaaa'], ['str', 'Goldfinch', '1@bbbb']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Greenfinch', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Greenfinch' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' },
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -647,17 +644,13 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         ['str', 'Greenfinch', '1@aaaa'], ['str', 'Chaffinch', '1@bbbb'], ['str', 'Goldfinch', '1@cccc']
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Chaffinch', conflict: true },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Chaffinch' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' }
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true }
-      ])
-      assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' },
       ])
+      assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [ ])
     })
 
     it('should allow a conflict to be resolved', () => {
@@ -672,9 +665,9 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc3.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.getAll('_root', 'bird'), [['str', 'Goldfinch', '2@aaaa']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Greenfinch', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Chaffinch', conflict: true },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Greenfinch' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Chaffinch' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -694,10 +687,10 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.getWithType('_root', 'bird'), ['str', 'Goldfinch'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.getAll('_root', 'bird'), [['str', 'Goldfinch', '2@aaaa']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' }
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch', conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Goldfinch' }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -720,12 +713,11 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.getWithType('1@aaaa', 0), ['str', 'Redwing'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.getAll('1@aaaa', 0), [['str', 'Song Thrush', '4@aaaa'], ['str', 'Redwing', '4@bbbb']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Song Thrush', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Redwing', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Song Thrush' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Redwing' }
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Redwing', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Redwing', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Redwing' },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -751,15 +743,14 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.getAll('1@aaaa', 2), [['str', 'Song Thrush', '6@aaaa'], ['str', 'Redwing', '6@bbbb']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
         { action: 'del', path: ['birds',0], },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',1], value: 'Song Thrush', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['birds',0], values: ['Ring-necked parakeet'] },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',2], value: 'Redwing', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',1], value: 'Song Thrush' },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['birds',0], values: ['Ring-necked parakeet'] },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',2], value: 'Redwing' }
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc4.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Ring-necked parakeet', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',2], value: 'Redwing', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Ring-necked parakeet', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',2], value: 'Redwing', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Ring-necked parakeet' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',2], value: 'Redwing' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds',0], value: 'Ring-necked parakeet' },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -775,14 +766,14 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc3.loadIncremental(change2)
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.getAll('_root', 'bird'), [['str', 'Robin', '1@aaaa'], ['str', 'Wren', '1@bbbb']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Robin', conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Wren', conflict: true }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Robin' },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Wren' }
       ])
       doc3.loadIncremental(change3)
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.getWithType('_root', 'bird'), ['str', 'Robin'])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.getAll('_root', 'bird'), [['str', 'Robin', '1@aaaa']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc3.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Robin', conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['bird'], value: 'Robin' }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -797,14 +788,11 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.loadIncremental(change1)
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.getAll('_root', 'birds'), [['list', '1@aaaa'], ['map', '1@bbbb']])
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds'], value: {}, conflict: true },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds', 'Sparrowhawk'], value: 1, conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds'], value: {} },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['birds', 'Sparrowhawk'], value: 1 }
       ])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.getAll('_root', 'birds'), [['list', '1@aaaa'], ['map', '1@bbbb']])
-      assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['birds'], value: {}, conflict: true },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['birds',0], values: ['Parakeet'] }
-      ])
+      assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [])
     })
 
     it('should support date objects', () => {
@@ -814,7 +802,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.getWithType('_root', 'createdAt'), ['timestamp', now])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['createdAt'], value: now, conflict: false }
+        { action: 'put', path: ['createdAt'], value: now }
       ])
     })
 
@@ -828,11 +816,11 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.putObject('_root', 'list', [])
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['key1'], value: 1, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['key1'], value: 2, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['key2'], value: 3, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['map'], value: {}, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [], conflict: false },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['key1'], value: 1 },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['key1'], value: 2 },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['key2'], value: 3 },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['map'], value: {} },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [] },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -847,8 +835,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.insertObject(list, 2, [])
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [], conflict: false },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['list', 0], values: [2,1,[],{},3]  },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['list', 0], values: [2,1,[],{},3]  },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -861,8 +849,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.pushObject(list, [])
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [], conflict: false },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['list',0], values: [1,{},[]] },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['list',0], values: [1,{},[]] },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -874,8 +862,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.splice(list, 1, 2)
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['list'],  value: [], conflict: false },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['list',0], values: [1,4] },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['list'],  value: [] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['list',0], values: [1,4] },
       ])
     })
 
@@ -886,7 +874,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.increment('_root', 'counter', 4)
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['counter'], value: 2, conflict: false },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['counter'], value: 2 },
         { action: 'inc', path: ['counter'], value: 4 },
       ])
     })
@@ -900,8 +888,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc1.delete('_root', 'key1')
       doc1.delete('_root', 'key2')
       assert.deepEqual(doc1.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['key1'], value: 1, conflict: false },
-        { action: 'put', path: ['key2'], value: 2, conflict: false },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['key1'], value: 1 },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['key2'], value: 2 },
         { action: 'del', path: ['key1'], },
         { action: 'del', path: ['key2'], },
       ])
@@ -916,7 +904,7 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.getWithType('_root', 'starlings'), ['counter', 3])
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['starlings'], value: 2, conflict: false },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['starlings'], value: 2 },
         { action: 'inc', path: ['starlings'], value: 1 }
       ])
     })
@@ -934,8 +922,8 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
       doc2.loadIncremental(doc1.saveIncremental())
 
       assert.deepEqual(doc2.popPatches(), [
-        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [], conflict: false },
-        { action: 'splice', path: ['list',0], values: [1] },
+        { action: 'put', path: ['list'], value: [] },
+        { action: 'insert', path: ['list',0], values: [1] },
         { action: 'inc', path: ['list',0], value: 2 },
         { action: 'inc', path: ['list',0], value: -5 },
       ])
@@ -1940,5 +1928,54 @@ describe('Automerge', () => {
         assert.deepStrictEqual(s1.sharedHeads, [c2, c8].sort())
       })
     })
+
+    it('can handle utf16 text', () => {
+      const doc = create()
+      doc.enablePatches(true)
+      let mat : any = doc.materialize("/")
+
+      doc.putObject("/", "width1", "AAAAAA")
+      doc.putObject("/", "width2", "🐻🐻🐻🐻🐻🐻")
+      doc.putObject("/", "mixed", "A🐻A🐻A🐻")
+      mat = doc.applyPatches(mat)
+
+      const remote = load(doc.save())
+      remote.enablePatches(true)
+      let r_mat : any = remote.materialize("/")
+
+      assert.deepEqual(mat, { width1: "AAAAAA", width2: "🐻🐻🐻🐻🐻🐻", mixed: "A🐻A🐻A🐻" })
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.width1.slice(2,4), "AA")
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.width2.slice(2,4), "🐻")
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.mixed.slice(1,4), "🐻A")
+
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat, { width1: "AAAAAA", width2: "🐻🐻🐻🐻🐻🐻", mixed: "A🐻A🐻A🐻" })
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat.width1.slice(2,4), "AA")
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat.width2.slice(2,4), "🐻")
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat.mixed.slice(1,4), "🐻A")
+
+      doc.splice("/width1", 2, 2, "🐻")
+      doc.splice("/width2", 2, 2, "A🐻A")
+      doc.splice("/mixed", 3, 3, "X")
+
+      mat = doc.applyPatches(mat)
+      remote.loadIncremental(doc.saveIncremental());
+      r_mat = remote.applyPatches(r_mat)
+
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.width1, "AA🐻AA")
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.width2, "🐻A🐻A🐻🐻🐻🐻")
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.mixed, "A🐻XA🐻")
+
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat.width1, "AA🐻AA")
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat.width2, "🐻A🐻A🐻🐻🐻🐻")
+      assert.deepEqual(r_mat.mixed, "A🐻XA🐻")
+
+      // when indexing in the middle of a multibyte char it indexes at the char before
+      doc.splice("/width2", 4, 1, "X")
+      mat = doc.applyPatches(mat)
+      remote.loadIncremental(doc.saveIncremental());
+      r_mat = remote.applyPatches(r_mat)
+
+      assert.deepEqual(mat.width2, "🐻AXA🐻🐻🐻🐻")
+    })
   })
 })

rust/automerge/examples/watch.rs

@@ -66,6 +66,17 @@ fn get_changes(doc: &Automerge, patches: Vec<Patch>) {
                     doc.path_to_object(&obj)
                 )
             }
+            Patch::Splice {
+                obj, index, value, ..
+            } => {
+                println!(
+                    "splice '{:?}' at {:?} in obj {:?}, object path {:?}",
+                    value,
+                    index,
+                    obj,
+                    doc.path_to_object(&obj)
+                )
+            }
             Patch::Increment {
                 obj, prop, value, ..
             } => {
@@ -83,6 +94,12 @@ fn get_changes(doc: &Automerge, patches: Vec<Patch>) {
                 obj,
                 doc.path_to_object(&obj)
             ),
+            Patch::Expose { obj, prop, .. } => println!(
+                "expose {:?} in obj {:?}, object path {:?}",
+                prop,
+                obj,
+                doc.path_to_object(&obj)
+            ),
         }
     }
 }

rust/automerge/src/autocommit.rs

@@ -125,6 +125,10 @@ impl<Obs: Observation> AutoCommitWithObs<Obs> {
         self.doc.get_actor()
     }
 
+    pub fn set_utf16(&mut self, enabled: bool) {
+        self.doc.utf16 = enabled
+    }
+
     fn ensure_transaction_open(&mut self) {
         if self.transaction.is_none() {
             let args = self.doc.transaction_args();
@@ -491,6 +495,25 @@ impl<Obs: Observation> Transactable for AutoCommitWithObs<Obs> {
         )
     }
 
+    fn splice_text<O: AsRef<ExId>>(
+        &mut self,
+        obj: O,
+        pos: usize,
+        del: usize,
+        text: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
+        self.ensure_transaction_open();
+        let (current, tx) = self.transaction.as_mut().unwrap();
+        tx.splice_text(
+            &mut self.doc,
+            current.observer(),
+            obj.as_ref(),
+            pos,
+            del,
+            text,
+        )
+    }
+
     fn text<O: AsRef<ExId>>(&self, obj: O) -> Result<String, AutomergeError> {
         self.doc.text(obj)
     }

rust/automerge/src/automerge.rs

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ pub struct Automerge {
     pub(crate) actor: Actor,
     /// The maximum operation counter this document has seen.
     pub(crate) max_op: u64,
+    pub utf16: bool,
 }
 
 impl Automerge {
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ impl Automerge {
             saved: Default::default(),
             actor: Actor::Unused(ActorId::random()),
             max_op: 0,
+            utf16: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -322,9 +324,7 @@ impl Automerge {
         &self,
         obj: O,
     ) -> Result<Vec<(ExId, Prop)>, AutomergeError> {
-        let mut path = self.parents(obj.as_ref().clone())?.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        path.reverse();
-        Ok(path)
+        Ok(self.parents(obj.as_ref().clone())?.path())
     }
 
     /// Get the keys of the object `obj`.
@@ -513,11 +513,7 @@ impl Automerge {
         let query = self.ops.search(&obj, query::ListVals::new());
         let mut buffer = String::new();
         for q in &query.ops {
-            if let OpType::Put(ScalarValue::Str(s)) = &q.action {
-                buffer.push_str(s);
-            } else {
-                buffer.push('\u{fffc}');
-            }
+            buffer.push_str(q.to_str());
         }
         Ok(buffer)
     }
@@ -593,7 +589,7 @@ impl Automerge {
             }
             Prop::Seq(n) => self
                 .ops
-                .search(&obj, query::Nth::new(n))
+                .search(&obj, query::Nth::new(n, false))
                 .ops
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|o| (o.value(), self.id_to_exid(o.id)))
@@ -696,6 +692,7 @@ impl Automerge {
                     saved: Default::default(),
                     actor: Actor::Unused(ActorId::random()),
                     max_op,
+                    utf16: false,
                 }
             }
             storage::Chunk::Change(stored_change) => {
@@ -806,11 +803,11 @@ impl Automerge {
         self.update_history(change, ops.len());
         if let Some(observer) = observer {
             for (obj, op) in ops {
-                self.ops.insert_op_with_observer(&obj, op, *observer);
+                self.insert_op_with_observer(&obj, op, *observer);
             }
         } else {
             for (obj, op) in ops {
-                self.ops.insert_op(&obj, op);
+                self.insert_op(&obj, op);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1242,6 +1239,118 @@ impl Automerge {
             objects.map(|os| os.iter().filter_map(|o| self.exid_to_obj(o).ok()).collect());
         self.ops.visualise(objects)
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn insert_op(&mut self, obj: &ObjId, op: Op) -> Op {
+        let q = self.ops.search(obj, query::SeekOp::new(&op));
+
+        let succ = q.succ;
+        let pos = q.pos;
+
+        self.ops.add_succ(obj, &succ, &op);
+
+        if !op.is_delete() {
+            self.ops.insert(pos, obj, op.clone());
+        }
+        op
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn insert_op_with_observer<Obs: OpObserver>(
+        &mut self,
+        obj: &ObjId,
+        op: Op,
+        observer: &mut Obs,
+    ) -> Op {
+        let obj_type = self.ops.object_type(obj);
+        let utf16 = self.utf16 && matches!(obj_type, Some(ObjType::Text));
+        let q = self
+            .ops
+            .search(obj, query::SeekOpWithPatch::new(&op, utf16));
+
+        let query::SeekOpWithPatch {
+            pos,
+            succ,
+            seen,
+            seen8,
+            last_width,
+            values,
+            had_value_before,
+            ..
+        } = q;
+
+        let ex_obj = self.ops.id_to_exid(obj.0);
+
+        let key = match op.key {
+            Key::Map(index) => self.ops.m.props[index].clone().into(),
+            Key::Seq(_) => seen.into(),
+        };
+
+        if op.insert {
+            if obj_type == Some(ObjType::Text) {
+                if utf16 {
+                    let s = op.to_str();
+                    let len8 = s.chars().count();
+                    let len16 = s.encode_utf16().count();
+                    let index8 = seen8;
+                    let index16 = seen;
+                    observer.splice_text_utf16(self, ex_obj, (index8, index16), (len8, len16), s);
+                } else {
+                    observer.splice_text(self, ex_obj, seen, op.to_str());
+                }
+            } else {
+                let value = (op.value(), self.ops.id_to_exid(op.id));
+                observer.insert(self, ex_obj, seen, value);
+            }
+        } else if op.is_delete() {
+            if let Some(winner) = &values.last() {
+                let value = (winner.value(), self.ops.id_to_exid(winner.id));
+                let conflict = values.len() > 1;
+                observer.expose(self, ex_obj, key, value, conflict);
+            } else if had_value_before {
+                if utf16 {
+                    let len16 = last_width;
+                    let index8 = seen8;
+                    let index16 = seen;
+                    observer.delete_utf16(self, ex_obj, (index8, index16), (1, len16));
+                } else {
+                    observer.delete(self, ex_obj, key);
+                }
+            }
+        } else if let Some(value) = op.get_increment_value() {
+            // only observe this increment if the counter is visible, i.e. the counter's
+            // create op is in the values
+            //if values.iter().any(|value| op.pred.contains(&value.id)) {
+            if values
+                .last()
+                .map(|value| op.pred.contains(&value.id))
+                .unwrap_or_default()
+            {
+                // we have observed the value
+                observer.increment(self, ex_obj, key, (value, self.ops.id_to_exid(op.id)));
+            }
+        } else {
+            let just_conflict = values
+                .last()
+                .map(|value| self.ops.m.lamport_cmp(op.id, value.id) != Ordering::Greater)
+                .unwrap_or(false);
+            let value = (op.value(), self.ops.id_to_exid(op.id));
+            if op.is_list_op() && !had_value_before {
+                observer.insert(self, ex_obj, seen, value);
+            } else if just_conflict {
+                observer.flag_conflict(self, ex_obj, key);
+            } else {
+                let conflict = !values.is_empty();
+                observer.put(self, ex_obj, key, value, conflict);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.ops.add_succ(obj, &succ, &op);
+
+        if !op.is_delete() {
+            self.ops.insert(pos, obj, op.clone());
+        }
+
+        op
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for Automerge {

rust/automerge/src/automerge/tests.rs

@@ -1318,21 +1318,21 @@ fn compute_list_indexes_correctly_when_list_element_is_split_across_tree_nodes()
 fn get_parent_objects() {
     let mut doc = AutoCommit::new();
     let map = doc.put_object(ROOT, "a", ObjType::Map).unwrap();
-    let list = doc.insert_object(&map, 0, ObjType::List).unwrap();
+    let list = doc.put_object(&map, "b", ObjType::List).unwrap();
     doc.insert(&list, 0, 2).unwrap();
     let text = doc.put_object(&list, 0, ObjType::Text).unwrap();
 
     assert_eq!(
         doc.parents(&map).unwrap().next(),
-        Some((ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into())))
+        Some((ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into()), true))
     );
     assert_eq!(
         doc.parents(&list).unwrap().next(),
-        Some((map, Prop::Seq(0)))
+        Some((map, Prop::Map("b".into()), true))
     );
     assert_eq!(
         doc.parents(&text).unwrap().next(),
-        Some((list, Prop::Seq(0)))
+        Some((list, Prop::Seq(0), true))
     );
 }
 
@@ -1340,7 +1340,7 @@ fn get_parent_objects() {
 fn get_path_to_object() {
     let mut doc = AutoCommit::new();
     let map = doc.put_object(ROOT, "a", ObjType::Map).unwrap();
-    let list = doc.insert_object(&map, 0, ObjType::List).unwrap();
+    let list = doc.put_object(&map, "b", ObjType::List).unwrap();
     doc.insert(&list, 0, 2).unwrap();
     let text = doc.put_object(&list, 0, ObjType::Text).unwrap();
 
@@ -1350,13 +1350,16 @@ fn get_path_to_object() {
     );
     assert_eq!(
         doc.path_to_object(&list).unwrap(),
-        vec![(ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into())), (map.clone(), Prop::Seq(0)),]
+        vec![
+            (ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into())),
+            (map.clone(), Prop::Map("b".into())),
+        ]
     );
     assert_eq!(
         doc.path_to_object(&text).unwrap(),
         vec![
             (ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into())),
-            (map, Prop::Seq(0)),
+            (map, Prop::Map("b".into())),
             (list, Prop::Seq(0)),
         ]
     );
@@ -1366,14 +1369,14 @@ fn get_path_to_object() {
 fn parents_iterator() {
     let mut doc = AutoCommit::new();
     let map = doc.put_object(ROOT, "a", ObjType::Map).unwrap();
-    let list = doc.insert_object(&map, 0, ObjType::List).unwrap();
+    let list = doc.put_object(&map, "b", ObjType::List).unwrap();
     doc.insert(&list, 0, 2).unwrap();
     let text = doc.put_object(&list, 0, ObjType::Text).unwrap();
 
     let mut parents = doc.parents(text).unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(parents.next(), Some((list, Prop::Seq(0))));
-    assert_eq!(parents.next(), Some((map, Prop::Seq(0))));
-    assert_eq!(parents.next(), Some((ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into()))));
+    assert_eq!(parents.next(), Some((list, Prop::Seq(0), true)));
+    assert_eq!(parents.next(), Some((map, Prop::Map("b".into()), true)));
+    assert_eq!(parents.next(), Some((ROOT, Prop::Map("a".into()), true)));
     assert_eq!(parents.next(), None);
 }
 
@@ -1383,27 +1386,28 @@ fn can_insert_a_grapheme_into_text() {
     let mut tx = doc.transaction();
     let text = tx.put_object(ROOT, "text", ObjType::Text).unwrap();
     let polar_bear = "🐻‍❄️";
-    tx.insert(&text, 0, polar_bear).unwrap();
+    tx.splice_text(&text, 0, 0, polar_bear).unwrap();
     tx.commit();
     let s = doc.text(&text).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(s, polar_bear);
     let len = doc.length(&text);
-    assert_eq!(len, 1); // just one grapheme
+    assert_eq!(len, 4); // 4 utf8 chars
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn can_insert_long_string_into_text() {
+fn long_strings_spliced_into_text_get_segmented_by_utf8_chars() {
     let mut doc = Automerge::new();
     let mut tx = doc.transaction();
     let text = tx.put_object(ROOT, "text", ObjType::Text).unwrap();
     let polar_bear = "🐻‍❄️";
     let polar_bear_army = polar_bear.repeat(100);
-    tx.insert(&text, 0, &polar_bear_army).unwrap();
+    tx.splice_text(&text, 0, 0, &polar_bear_army).unwrap();
     tx.commit();
     let s = doc.text(&text).unwrap();
     assert_eq!(s, polar_bear_army);
     let len = doc.length(&text);
-    assert_eq!(len, 1); // many graphemes
+    assert_eq!(len, polar_bear.chars().count() * 100);
+    assert_eq!(len, 400);
 }
 
 #[test]

rust/automerge/src/error.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::storage::load::Error as LoadError;
 use crate::types::{ActorId, ScalarValue};
 use crate::value::DataType;
-use crate::ChangeHash;
+use crate::{ChangeHash, ObjType};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ pub enum AutomergeError {
     InvalidObjId(String),
     #[error("invalid obj id format `{0}`")]
     InvalidObjIdFormat(String),
+    #[error("invalid op for object of type `{0}`")]
+    InvalidOp(ObjType),
     #[error("seq {0} is out of bounds")]
     InvalidSeq(u64),
     #[error("invalid type of value, expected `{expected}` but received `{unexpected}`")]
@@ -47,6 +49,12 @@ pub enum AutomergeError {
     NotAnObject,
 }
 
+impl PartialEq for AutomergeError {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        std::mem::discriminant(self) == std::mem::discriminant(other)
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "wasm")]
 impl From<AutomergeError> for wasm_bindgen::JsValue {
     fn from(err: AutomergeError) -> Self {

rust/automerge/src/op_observer.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::exid::ExId;
-use crate::Parents;
+use crate::Automerge;
 use crate::Prop;
 use crate::Value;
 
@@ -7,22 +7,37 @@ use crate::Value;
 pub trait OpObserver {
     /// A new value has been inserted into the given object.
     ///
-    /// - `parents`: A parents iterator that can be used to collect path information
+    /// - `doc`: a handle to the doc after the op has been inserted, can be used to query information
     /// - `objid`: the object that has been inserted into.
     /// - `index`: the index the new value has been inserted at.
     /// - `tagged_value`: the value that has been inserted and the id of the operation that did the
     /// insert.
     fn insert(
         &mut self,
-        parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         objid: ExId,
         index: usize,
         tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ExId),
     );
 
+    fn splice_text(&mut self, _doc: &Automerge, _objid: ExId, _index: usize, _value: &str) {
+        panic!("splice_text not implemented in observer")
+    }
+
+    fn splice_text_utf16(
+        &mut self,
+        _doc: &Automerge,
+        _objid: ExId,
+        _index: (usize, usize),
+        _len: (usize, usize),
+        _value: &str,
+    ) {
+        panic!("splice_text_utf16 not supported in observer")
+    }
+
     /// A new value has been put into the given object.
     ///
-    /// - `parents`: A parents iterator that can be used to collect path information
+    /// - `doc`: a handle to the doc after the op has been inserted, can be used to query information
     /// - `objid`: the object that has been put into.
     /// - `prop`: the prop that the value as been put at.
     /// - `tagged_value`: the value that has been put into the object and the id of the operation
@@ -30,34 +45,64 @@ pub trait OpObserver {
     /// - `conflict`: whether this put conflicts with other operations.
     fn put(
         &mut self,
-        parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         objid: ExId,
         prop: Prop,
         tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ExId),
         conflict: bool,
     );
 
+    /// When a delete op exposes a previously conflicted value
+    /// Similar to a put op - except for maps, lists and text, edits
+    /// may already exist and need to be queried
+    ///
+    /// - `doc`: a handle to the doc after the op has been inserted, can be used to query information
+    /// - `objid`: the object that has been put into.
+    /// - `prop`: the prop that the value as been put at.
+    /// - `tagged_value`: the value that has been put into the object and the id of the operation
+    /// that did the put.
+    /// - `conflict`: whether this put conflicts with other operations.
+    fn expose(
+        &mut self,
+        doc: &Automerge,
+        objid: ExId,
+        prop: Prop,
+        tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ExId),
+        conflict: bool,
+    );
+
+    /// Flag a new conflict on a value without changing it
+    ///
+    /// - `doc`: a handle to the doc after the op has been inserted, can be used to query information
+    /// - `objid`: the object that has been put into.
+    /// - `prop`: the prop that the value as been put at.
+    fn flag_conflict(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, objid: ExId, prop: Prop);
+
     /// A counter has been incremented.
     ///
-    /// - `parents`: A parents iterator that can be used to collect path information
+    /// - `doc`: a handle to the doc after the op has been inserted, can be used to query information
     /// - `objid`: the object that contains the counter.
     /// - `prop`: they prop that the chounter is at.
     /// - `tagged_value`: the amount the counter has been incremented by, and the the id of the
     /// increment operation.
-    fn increment(
-        &mut self,
-        parents: Parents<'_>,
-        objid: ExId,
-        prop: Prop,
-        tagged_value: (i64, ExId),
-    );
+    fn increment(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, objid: ExId, prop: Prop, tagged_value: (i64, ExId));
 
     /// A value has beeen deleted.
     ///
-    /// - `parents`: A parents iterator that can be used to collect path information
+    /// - `doc`: a handle to the doc after the op has been inserted, can be used to query information
     /// - `objid`: the object that has been deleted in.
     /// - `prop`: the prop of the value that has been deleted.
-    fn delete(&mut self, parents: Parents<'_>, objid: ExId, prop: Prop);
+    fn delete(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, objid: ExId, prop: Prop);
+
+    fn delete_utf16(
+        &mut self,
+        _doc: &Automerge,
+        _objid: ExId,
+        _index: (usize, usize),
+        _len: (usize, usize),
+    ) {
+        panic!("delete_utf16 not supported in observer")
+    }
 
     /// Branch of a new op_observer later to be merged
     ///
@@ -77,16 +122,18 @@ pub trait OpObserver {
 impl OpObserver for () {
     fn insert(
         &mut self,
-        _parents: Parents<'_>,
+        _doc: &Automerge,
         _objid: ExId,
         _index: usize,
         _tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ExId),
     ) {
     }
 
+    fn splice_text(&mut self, _doc: &Automerge, _objid: ExId, _index: usize, _value: &str) {}
+
     fn put(
         &mut self,
-        _parents: Parents<'_>,
+        _doc: &Automerge,
         _objid: ExId,
         _prop: Prop,
         _tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ExId),
@@ -94,16 +141,28 @@ impl OpObserver for () {
     ) {
     }
 
+    fn expose(
+        &mut self,
+        _doc: &Automerge,
+        _objid: ExId,
+        _prop: Prop,
+        _tagged_value: (Value<'_>, ExId),
+        _conflict: bool,
+    ) {
+    }
+
+    fn flag_conflict(&mut self, _doc: &Automerge, _objid: ExId, _prop: Prop) {}
+
     fn increment(
         &mut self,
-        _parents: Parents<'_>,
+        _doc: &Automerge,
         _objid: ExId,
         _prop: Prop,
         _tagged_value: (i64, ExId),
     ) {
     }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, _parents: Parents<'_>, _objid: ExId, _prop: Prop) {}
+    fn delete(&mut self, _doc: &Automerge, _objid: ExId, _prop: Prop) {}
 
     fn merge(&mut self, _other: &Self) {}
 
@@ -125,59 +184,87 @@ impl VecOpObserver {
 }
 
 impl OpObserver for VecOpObserver {
-    fn insert(
-        &mut self,
-        mut parents: Parents<'_>,
-        obj: ExId,
-        index: usize,
-        (value, id): (Value<'_>, ExId),
-    ) {
-        let path = parents.path();
+    fn insert(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, obj: ExId, index: usize, (value, id): (Value<'_>, ExId)) {
+        if let Ok(mut p) = doc.parents(&obj) {
             self.patches.push(Patch::Insert {
                 obj,
-            path,
+                path: p.path(),
                 index,
                 value: (value.into_owned(), id),
             });
         }
+    }
+
+    fn splice_text(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, obj: ExId, index: usize, value: &str) {
+        if let Ok(mut p) = doc.parents(&obj) {
+            self.patches.push(Patch::Splice {
+                obj,
+                path: p.path(),
+                index,
+                value: value.to_string(),
+            })
+        }
+    }
 
     fn put(
         &mut self,
-        mut parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         obj: ExId,
         prop: Prop,
         (value, id): (Value<'_>, ExId),
         conflict: bool,
     ) {
-        let path = parents.path();
+        if let Ok(mut p) = doc.parents(&obj) {
             self.patches.push(Patch::Put {
                 obj,
-            path,
+                path: p.path(),
                 prop,
                 value: (value.into_owned(), id),
                 conflict,
             });
         }
+    }
 
-    fn increment(
+    fn expose(
         &mut self,
-        mut parents: Parents<'_>,
+        doc: &Automerge,
         obj: ExId,
         prop: Prop,
-        tagged_value: (i64, ExId),
+        (value, id): (Value<'_>, ExId),
+        conflict: bool,
     ) {
-        let path = parents.path();
+        if let Ok(mut p) = doc.parents(&obj) {
+            self.patches.push(Patch::Expose {
+                obj,
+                path: p.path(),
+                prop,
+                value: (value.into_owned(), id),
+                conflict,
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flag_conflict(&mut self, mut _doc: &Automerge, _obj: ExId, _prop: Prop) {}
+
+    fn increment(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, obj: ExId, prop: Prop, tagged_value: (i64, ExId)) {
+        if let Ok(mut p) = doc.parents(&obj) {
             self.patches.push(Patch::Increment {
                 obj,
-            path,
+                path: p.path(),
                 prop,
                 value: tagged_value,
             });
         }
+    }
 
-    fn delete(&mut self, mut parents: Parents<'_>, obj: ExId, prop: Prop) {
-        let path = parents.path();
-        self.patches.push(Patch::Delete { obj, path, prop })
+    fn delete(&mut self, doc: &Automerge, obj: ExId, prop: Prop) {
+        if let Ok(mut p) = doc.parents(&obj) {
+            self.patches.push(Patch::Delete {
+                obj,
+                path: p.path(),
+                prop,
+            })
+        }
     }
 
     fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
@@ -205,7 +292,20 @@ pub enum Patch {
         /// Whether this put conflicts with another.
         conflict: bool,
     },
-    /// Inserting a new element into a list/text
+    /// Exposing (via delete) an old but conflicted value with a prop in a map, or a list element
+    Expose {
+        /// path to the object
+        path: Vec<(ExId, Prop)>,
+        /// The object that was put into.
+        obj: ExId,
+        /// The prop that the new value was put at.
+        prop: Prop,
+        /// The value that was put, and the id of the operation that put it there.
+        value: (Value<'static>, ExId),
+        /// Whether this put conflicts with another.
+        conflict: bool,
+    },
+    /// Inserting a new element into a list
     Insert {
         /// path to the object
         path: Vec<(ExId, Prop)>,
@@ -216,6 +316,17 @@ pub enum Patch {
         /// The value that was inserted, and the id of the operation that inserted it there.
         value: (Value<'static>, ExId),
     },
+    /// Splicing a text object
+    Splice {
+        /// path to the object
+        path: Vec<(ExId, Prop)>,
+        /// The object that was inserted into.
+        obj: ExId,
+        /// The index that the new value was inserted at.
+        index: usize,
+        /// The value that was spliced
+        value: String,
+    },
     /// Incrementing a counter.
     Increment {
         /// path to the object

rust/automerge/src/op_set.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use crate::exid::ExId;
 use crate::indexed_cache::IndexedCache;
 use crate::op_tree::{self, OpTree};
 use crate::parents::Parents;
-use crate::query::{self, OpIdSearch, TreeQuery};
+use crate::query::{self, OpIdVisSearch, TreeQuery};
 use crate::types::{self, ActorId, Key, ObjId, Op, OpId, OpIds, OpType, Prop};
 use crate::{ObjType, OpObserver};
 use fxhash::FxBuildHasher;
@@ -73,10 +73,12 @@ impl OpSetInternal {
         Parents { obj, ops: self }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn parent_object(&self, obj: &ObjId) -> Option<(ObjId, Key)> {
+    pub(crate) fn parent_object(&self, obj: &ObjId) -> Option<(ObjId, Key, bool)> {
         let parent = self.trees.get(obj)?.parent?;
-        let key = self.search(&parent, OpIdSearch::new(obj.0)).key().unwrap();
-        Some((parent, key))
+        let query = self.search(&parent, OpIdVisSearch::new(obj.0));
+        let key = query.key().unwrap();
+        let visible = query.visible;
+        Some((parent, key, visible))
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn export_key(&self, obj: ObjId, key: Key) -> Prop {
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ impl OpSetInternal {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn replace<F>(&mut self, obj: &ObjId, index: usize, f: F)
+    pub(crate) fn change_vis<F>(&mut self, obj: &ObjId, index: usize, f: F)
     where
         F: Fn(&mut Op),
     {
@@ -179,15 +181,10 @@ impl OpSetInternal {
     }
 
     /// Add `op` as a successor to each op at `op_indices` in `obj`
-    pub(crate) fn add_succ<I: Iterator<Item = usize>>(
-        &mut self,
-        obj: &ObjId,
-        op_indices: I,
-        op: &Op,
-    ) {
+    pub(crate) fn add_succ(&mut self, obj: &ObjId, op_indices: &[usize], op: &Op) {
         if let Some(tree) = self.trees.get_mut(obj) {
             for i in op_indices {
-                tree.internal.update(i, |old_op| {
+                tree.internal.update(*i, |old_op| {
                     old_op.add_succ(op, |left, right| self.m.lamport_cmp(*left, *right))
                 });
             }
@@ -231,96 +228,6 @@ impl OpSetInternal {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn insert_op(&mut self, obj: &ObjId, op: Op) -> Op {
-        let q = self.search(obj, query::SeekOp::new(&op));
-
-        let succ = q.succ;
-        let pos = q.pos;
-
-        self.add_succ(obj, succ.iter().copied(), &op);
-
-        if !op.is_delete() {
-            self.insert(pos, obj, op.clone());
-        }
-        op
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) fn insert_op_with_observer<Obs: OpObserver>(
-        &mut self,
-        obj: &ObjId,
-        op: Op,
-        observer: &mut Obs,
-    ) -> Op {
-        let q = self.search(obj, query::SeekOpWithPatch::new(&op));
-
-        let query::SeekOpWithPatch {
-            pos,
-            succ,
-            seen,
-            values,
-            had_value_before,
-            ..
-        } = q;
-
-        let ex_obj = self.id_to_exid(obj.0);
-        let parents = self.parents(*obj);
-
-        let key = match op.key {
-            Key::Map(index) => self.m.props[index].clone().into(),
-            Key::Seq(_) => seen.into(),
-        };
-
-        if op.insert {
-            let value = (op.value(), self.id_to_exid(op.id));
-            observer.insert(parents, ex_obj, seen, value);
-        } else if op.is_delete() {
-            if let Some(winner) = &values.last() {
-                let value = (winner.value(), self.id_to_exid(winner.id));
-                let conflict = values.len() > 1;
-                observer.put(parents, ex_obj, key, value, conflict);
-            } else if had_value_before {
-                observer.delete(parents, ex_obj, key);
-            }
-        } else if let Some(value) = op.get_increment_value() {
-            // only observe this increment if the counter is visible, i.e. the counter's
-            // create op is in the values
-            //if values.iter().any(|value| op.pred.contains(&value.id)) {
-            if values
-                .last()
-                .map(|value| op.pred.contains(&value.id))
-                .unwrap_or_default()
-            {
-                // we have observed the value
-                observer.increment(parents, ex_obj, key, (value, self.id_to_exid(op.id)));
-            }
-        } else {
-            let winner = if let Some(last_value) = values.last() {
-                if self.m.lamport_cmp(op.id, last_value.id) == Ordering::Greater {
-                    &op
-                } else {
-                    last_value
-                }
-            } else {
-                &op
-            };
-            let value = (winner.value(), self.id_to_exid(winner.id));
-            if op.is_list_op() && !had_value_before {
-                observer.insert(parents, ex_obj, seen, value);
-            } else {
-                let conflict = !values.is_empty();
-                observer.put(parents, ex_obj, key, value, conflict);
-            }
-        }
-
-        self.add_succ(obj, succ.iter().copied(), &op);
-
-        if !op.is_delete() {
-            self.insert(pos, obj, op.clone());
-        }
-
-        op
-    }
-
     pub(crate) fn object_type(&self, id: &ObjId) -> Option<ObjType> {
         self.trees.get(id).map(|tree| tree.objtype)
     }

rust/automerge/src/op_set/load.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     op_tree::OpTreeInternal,
     storage::load::{DocObserver, LoadedObject},
     types::{ObjId, Op},
-    OpObserver,
+    Automerge, OpObserver,
 };
 
 /// An opset builder which creates an optree for each object as it finishes loading, inserting the
@@ -78,10 +78,10 @@ impl<'a, O: OpObserver> DocObserver for ObservedOpSetBuilder<'a, O> {
     }
 
     fn finish(self, _metadata: super::OpSetMetadata) -> Self::Output {
-        let mut opset = OpSet::new();
+        let mut opset = Automerge::new();
         for (obj, op) in self.ops {
             opset.insert_op_with_observer(&obj, op, self.observer);
         }
-        opset
+        opset.ops
     }
 }

rust/automerge/src/op_tree.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::{
 pub(crate) use crate::op_set::OpSetMetadata;
 use crate::{
     clock::Clock,
-    query::{self, Index, QueryResult, ReplaceArgs, TreeQuery},
+    query::{self, ChangeVisibility, Index, QueryResult, TreeQuery},
 };
 use crate::{
     types::{ObjId, Op, OpId},
@@ -618,24 +618,20 @@ impl OpTreeNode {
     /// Update the operation at the given index using the provided function.
     ///
     /// This handles updating the indices after the update.
-    pub(crate) fn update<F>(&mut self, index: usize, f: F) -> ReplaceArgs
+    pub(crate) fn update<F>(&mut self, index: usize, f: F) -> ChangeVisibility
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut Op),
     {
         if self.is_leaf() {
             let new_element = self.elements.get_mut(index).unwrap();
-            let old_id = new_element.id;
-            let old_visible = new_element.visible();
+            let old_vis = new_element.visible();
             f(new_element);
-            let replace_args = ReplaceArgs {
-                old_id,
-                new_id: new_element.id,
-                old_visible,
-                new_visible: new_element.visible(),
-                new_key: new_element.elemid_or_key(),
-            };
-            self.index.replace(&replace_args);
-            replace_args
+            self.index.change_vis(ChangeVisibility {
+                old_vis,
+                new_vis: new_element.visible(),
+                key: new_element.elemid_or_key(),
+                utf16_len: new_element.width(true),
+            })
         } else {
             let mut cumulative_len = 0;
             let len = self.len();
@@ -646,23 +642,18 @@ impl OpTreeNode {
                     }
                     Ordering::Equal => {
                         let new_element = self.elements.get_mut(child_index).unwrap();
-                        let old_id = new_element.id;
-                        let old_visible = new_element.visible();
+                        let old_vis = new_element.visible();
                         f(new_element);
-                        let replace_args = ReplaceArgs {
-                            old_id,
-                            new_id: new_element.id,
-                            old_visible,
-                            new_visible: new_element.visible(),
-                            new_key: new_element.elemid_or_key(),
-                        };
-                        self.index.replace(&replace_args);
-                        return replace_args;
+                        return self.index.change_vis(ChangeVisibility {
+                            old_vis,
+                            new_vis: new_element.visible(),
+                            key: new_element.elemid_or_key(),
+                            utf16_len: new_element.width(true),
+                        });
                     }
                     Ordering::Greater => {
-                        let replace_args = child.update(index - cumulative_len, f);
-                        self.index.replace(&replace_args);
-                        return replace_args;
+                        let vis_args = child.update(index - cumulative_len, f);
+                        return self.index.change_vis(vis_args);
                     }
                 }
             }

rust/automerge/src/parents.rs

@@ -10,23 +10,36 @@ pub struct Parents<'a> {
 
 impl<'a> Parents<'a> {
     pub fn path(&mut self) -> Vec<(ExId, Prop)> {
-        let mut path = self.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let mut path = self.map(|(id, prop, _)| (id, prop)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
         path.reverse();
         path
     }
+
+    pub fn visible_path(&mut self) -> Option<Vec<(ExId, Prop)>> {
+        let mut path = Vec::new();
+        for (id, prop, vis) in self {
+            if !vis {
+                return None;
+            }
+            path.push((id, prop))
+        }
+        path.reverse();
+        Some(path)
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> Iterator for Parents<'a> {
-    type Item = (ExId, Prop);
+    type Item = (ExId, Prop, bool);
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
         if self.obj.is_root() {
             None
-        } else if let Some((obj, key)) = self.ops.parent_object(&self.obj) {
+        } else if let Some((obj, key, visible)) = self.ops.parent_object(&self.obj) {
             self.obj = obj;
             Some((
                 self.ops.id_to_exid(self.obj.0),
                 self.ops.export_key(self.obj, key),
+                visible,
             ))
         } else {
             None

rust/automerge/src/query.rs

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ mod map_range_at;
 mod nth;
 mod nth_at;
 mod opid;
+mod opid_vis;
 mod prop;
 mod prop_at;
 mod seek_op;
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ pub(crate) use map_range_at::MapRangeAt;
 pub(crate) use nth::Nth;
 pub(crate) use nth_at::NthAt;
 pub(crate) use opid::OpIdSearch;
+pub(crate) use opid_vis::OpIdVisSearch;
 pub(crate) use prop::Prop;
 pub(crate) use prop_at::PropAt;
 pub(crate) use seek_op::SeekOp;
@@ -47,12 +49,11 @@ pub(crate) use seek_op_with_patch::SeekOpWithPatch;
 
 // use a struct for the args for clarity as they are passed up the update chain in the optree
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
-pub(crate) struct ReplaceArgs {
-    pub(crate) old_id: OpId,
-    pub(crate) new_id: OpId,
-    pub(crate) old_visible: bool,
-    pub(crate) new_visible: bool,
-    pub(crate) new_key: Key,
+pub(crate) struct ChangeVisibility {
+    pub(crate) old_vis: bool,
+    pub(crate) new_vis: bool,
+    pub(crate) key: Key,
+    pub(crate) utf16_len: usize,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ pub(crate) enum QueryResult {
 pub(crate) struct Index {
     /// The map of visible keys to the number of visible operations for that key.
     pub(crate) visible: HashMap<Key, usize, FxBuildHasher>,
+    pub(crate) visible16: usize,
     /// Set of opids found in this node and below.
     pub(crate) ops: HashSet<OpId, FxBuildHasher>,
 }
@@ -108,53 +110,65 @@ impl Index {
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
         Index {
             visible: Default::default(),
+            visible16: 0,
             ops: Default::default(),
         }
     }
 
     /// Get the number of visible elements in this index.
-    pub(crate) fn visible_len(&self) -> usize {
+    pub(crate) fn visible_len(&self, utf16: bool) -> usize {
+        if utf16 {
+            self.visible16
+        } else {
             self.visible.len()
         }
+    }
 
     pub(crate) fn has_visible(&self, seen: &Key) -> bool {
         self.visible.contains_key(seen)
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn replace(
-        &mut self,
-        ReplaceArgs {
-            old_id,
-            new_id,
-            old_visible,
-            new_visible,
-            new_key,
-        }: &ReplaceArgs,
-    ) {
-        if old_id != new_id {
-            self.ops.remove(old_id);
-            self.ops.insert(*new_id);
-        }
-
-        match (new_visible, old_visible, new_key) {
-            (false, true, key) => match self.visible.get(key).copied() {
+    pub(crate) fn change_vis(&mut self, change_vis: ChangeVisibility) -> ChangeVisibility {
+        let ChangeVisibility {
+            old_vis,
+            new_vis,
+            key,
+            utf16_len,
+        } = &change_vis;
+        match (old_vis, new_vis) {
+            (true, false) => match self.visible.get(key).copied() {
                 Some(n) if n == 1 => {
                     self.visible.remove(key);
+                    self.visible16 -= *utf16_len;
                 }
                 Some(n) => {
                     self.visible.insert(*key, n - 1);
                 }
                 None => panic!("remove overun in index"),
             },
-            (true, false, key) => *self.visible.entry(*key).or_default() += 1,
+            (false, true) => {
+                if let Some(n) = self.visible.get(key) {
+                    self.visible.insert(*key, n + 1);
+                } else {
+                    self.visible.insert(*key, 1);
+                    self.visible16 += *utf16_len;
+                }
+            }
             _ => {}
         }
+        change_vis
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn insert(&mut self, op: &Op) {
         self.ops.insert(op.id);
         if op.visible() {
-            *self.visible.entry(op.elemid_or_key()).or_default() += 1;
+            let key = op.elemid_or_key();
+            if let Some(n) = self.visible.get(&key) {
+                self.visible.insert(key, n + 1);
+            } else {
+                self.visible.insert(key, 1);
+                self.visible16 += op.width(true);
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -165,6 +179,7 @@ impl Index {
             match self.visible.get(&key).copied() {
                 Some(n) if n == 1 => {
                     self.visible.remove(&key);
+                    self.visible16 -= op.width(true);
                 }
                 Some(n) => {
                     self.visible.insert(key, n - 1);
@@ -178,9 +193,13 @@ impl Index {
         for id in &other.ops {
             self.ops.insert(*id);
         }
-        for (elem, n) in other.visible.iter() {
-            *self.visible.entry(*elem).or_default() += n;
+        for (elem, other_len) in other.visible.iter() {
+            self.visible
+                .entry(*elem)
+                .and_modify(|len| *len += *other_len)
+                .or_insert(*other_len);
         }
+        self.visible16 += other.visible16;
     }
 }
 

rust/automerge/src/query/elem_id_pos.rs

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for ElemIdPos {
             QueryResult::Descend
         } else {
             // not in this node, try the next one
-            self.pos += child.index.visible_len();
+            self.pos += child.index.visible_len(false);
             QueryResult::Next
         }
     }

rust/automerge/src/query/insert.rs

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ pub(crate) struct InsertNth {
     target: usize,
     /// the number of visible operations seen
     seen: usize,
+    seen8: usize,
+    last_width: usize,
+    utf16: bool,
     //pub pos: usize,
     /// the number of operations (including non-visible) that we have seen
     n: usize,
@@ -22,15 +25,21 @@ pub(crate) struct InsertNth {
 }
 
 impl InsertNth {
-    pub(crate) fn new(target: usize) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(target: usize, utf16: bool) -> Self {
         let (valid, last_valid_insert) = if target == 0 {
             (Some(0), Some(Key::Seq(HEAD)))
         } else {
             (None, None)
         };
         InsertNth {
+            // seen and target are both in the "native" units (utf8/utf16)
+            // if in utf8 mode seen8 just shadows the value
+            // if in utf16 mode seen will be utf16 and seen8 will be utf8
             target,
             seen: 0,
+            seen8: 0,
+            last_width: 0,
+            utf16,
             n: 0,
             valid,
             last_seen: None,
@@ -39,6 +48,15 @@ impl InsertNth {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn index_utf8(&self) -> usize {
+        self.seen8
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn index_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+        // if in utf8 mode this just returns utf8
+        self.seen
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn pos(&self) -> usize {
         self.valid.unwrap_or(self.n)
     }
@@ -46,26 +64,18 @@ impl InsertNth {
     pub(crate) fn key(&self) -> Result<Key, AutomergeError> {
         self.last_valid_insert
             .ok_or(AutomergeError::InvalidIndex(self.target))
-        //if self.target == 0 {
-        /*
-        if self.last_insert.is_none() {
-            Ok(HEAD.into())
-        } else if self.seen == self.target && self.last_insert.is_some() {
-            Ok(Key::Seq(self.last_insert.unwrap()))
-        } else {
-            Err(AutomergeError::InvalidIndex(self.target))
-        }
-        */
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for InsertNth {
     fn query_node(&mut self, child: &OpTreeNode) -> QueryResult {
         // if this node has some visible elements then we may find our target within
-        let mut num_vis = child.index.visible_len();
+        let mut num_vis = child.index.visible_len(self.utf16);
+        let mut num_vis8 = child.index.visible_len(false);
         if let Some(last_seen) = self.last_seen {
             if child.index.has_visible(&last_seen) {
                 num_vis -= 1;
+                num_vis8 -= 1;
             }
         }
 
@@ -76,6 +86,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for InsertNth {
             // our target is not in this node so try the next one
             self.n += child.len();
             self.seen += num_vis;
+            self.seen8 += num_vis8;
 
             // We have updated seen by the number of visible elements in this index, before we skip it.
             // We also need to keep track of the last elemid that we have seen (and counted as seen).
@@ -103,7 +114,9 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for InsertNth {
             if self.seen >= self.target {
                 return QueryResult::Finish;
             }
-            self.seen += 1;
+            self.last_width = element.width(self.utf16);
+            self.seen += self.last_width;
+            self.seen8 += 1;
             self.last_seen = Some(element.elemid_or_key());
             self.last_valid_insert = self.last_seen
         }

rust/automerge/src/query/len.rs

@@ -5,17 +5,21 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct Len {
     pub(crate) len: usize,
+    utf16: bool,
 }
 
 impl Len {
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-        Len { len: 0 }
+        Len {
+            len: 0,
+            utf16: false,
+        }
     }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for Len {
     fn query_node(&mut self, child: &OpTreeNode) -> QueryResult {
-        self.len = child.index.visible_len();
+        self.len = child.index.visible_len(self.utf16);
         QueryResult::Finish
     }
 }

rust/automerge/src/query/nth.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 use crate::error::AutomergeError;
+use crate::op_set::OpSet;
 use crate::op_tree::OpTreeNode;
 use crate::query::{QueryResult, TreeQuery};
-use crate::types::{Key, Op};
+use crate::types::{Key, Op, OpIds};
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct Nth<'a> {
     target: usize,
     seen: usize,
+    seen8: usize,
+    utf16: bool,
+    last_width: usize,
     /// last_seen is the target elemid of the last `seen` operation.
     /// It is used to avoid double counting visible elements (which arise through conflicts) that are split across nodes.
     last_seen: Option<Key>,
@@ -17,10 +21,13 @@ pub(crate) struct Nth<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> Nth<'a> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(target: usize) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(target: usize, utf16: bool) -> Self {
         Nth {
             target,
             seen: 0,
+            seen8: 0,
+            last_width: 1,
+            utf16,
             last_seen: None,
             ops: vec![],
             ops_pos: vec![],
@@ -28,6 +35,10 @@ impl<'a> Nth<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn pred(&self, ops: &OpSet) -> OpIds {
+        ops.m.sorted_opids(self.ops.iter().map(|o| o.id))
+    }
+
     /// Get the key
     pub(crate) fn key(&self) -> Result<Key, AutomergeError> {
         // the query collects the ops so we can use that to get the key they all use
@@ -37,14 +48,28 @@ impl<'a> Nth<'a> {
             Err(AutomergeError::InvalidIndex(self.target))
         }
     }
+
+    pub(crate) fn index(&self) -> usize {
+        self.seen - self.last_width
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn index_utf16(&self) -> usize {
+        self.index()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn index_utf8(&self) -> usize {
+        self.seen8 - 1
+    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for Nth<'a> {
     fn query_node(&mut self, child: &OpTreeNode) -> QueryResult {
-        let mut num_vis = child.index.visible_len();
+        let mut num_vis = child.index.visible_len(self.utf16);
+        let mut num_vis8 = child.index.visible_len(false);
         if let Some(last_seen) = self.last_seen {
             if child.index.has_visible(&last_seen) {
                 num_vis -= 1;
+                num_vis8 -= 1;
             }
         }
 
@@ -54,6 +79,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for Nth<'a> {
             // skip this node as no useful ops in it
             self.pos += child.len();
             self.seen += num_vis;
+            self.seen8 += num_vis8;
 
             // We have updated seen by the number of visible elements in this index, before we skip it.
             // We also need to keep track of the last elemid that we have seen (and counted as seen).
@@ -79,11 +105,13 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for Nth<'a> {
         }
         let visible = element.visible();
         if visible && self.last_seen.is_none() {
-            self.seen += 1;
+            self.last_width = element.width(self.utf16);
+            self.seen += self.last_width;
+            self.seen8 += 1;
             // we have a new visible element
             self.last_seen = Some(element.elemid_or_key())
         }
-        if self.seen == self.target + 1 && visible {
+        if self.seen > self.target && visible {
             self.ops.push(element);
             self.ops_pos.push(self.pos);
         }

rust/automerge/src/query/opid.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::op_tree::OpTreeNode;
 use crate::query::{QueryResult, TreeQuery};
-use crate::types::{ElemId, Key, Op, OpId};
+use crate::types::{Key, Op, OpId};
 
 /// Search for an OpId in a tree.
 /// Returns the index of the operation in the tree.
@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@ impl OpIdSearch {
             None
         }
     }
-
-    pub(crate) fn key(&self) -> &Option<Key> {
-        &self.key
-    }
 }
 
 impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for OpIdSearch {
@@ -49,11 +45,6 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for OpIdSearch {
     fn query_element(&mut self, element: &Op) -> QueryResult {
         if element.id == self.target {
             self.found = true;
-            if element.insert {
-                self.key = Some(Key::Seq(ElemId(element.id)));
-            } else {
-                self.key = Some(element.key);
-            }
             QueryResult::Finish
         } else {
             self.pos += 1;

rust/automerge/src/query/opid_vis.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use crate::op_tree::OpTreeNode;
+use crate::query::{QueryResult, TreeQuery};
+use crate::types::{Key, Op, OpId};
+
+/// Search for an OpId in a tree.
+/// Returns the index of the operation in the tree.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub(crate) struct OpIdVisSearch {
+    target: OpId,
+    found: bool,
+    pub(crate) visible: bool,
+    key: Option<Key>,
+}
+
+impl OpIdVisSearch {
+    pub(crate) fn new(target: OpId) -> Self {
+        OpIdVisSearch {
+            target,
+            found: false,
+            visible: true,
+            key: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn key(&self) -> &Option<Key> {
+        &self.key
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for OpIdVisSearch {
+    fn query_node(&mut self, child: &OpTreeNode) -> QueryResult {
+        if child.index.ops.contains(&self.target) {
+            QueryResult::Descend
+        } else {
+            QueryResult::Next
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn query_element(&mut self, element: &Op) -> QueryResult {
+        if element.id == self.target {
+            self.found = true;
+            self.key = Some(element.elemid_or_key());
+            if element.visible() {
+                QueryResult::Next
+            } else {
+                self.visible = false;
+                QueryResult::Finish
+            }
+        } else if self.found {
+            if self.key != Some(element.elemid_or_key()) {
+                QueryResult::Finish
+            } else if element.visible() {
+                self.visible = false;
+                QueryResult::Finish
+            } else {
+                QueryResult::Next
+            }
+        } else {
+            QueryResult::Next
+        }
+    }
+}

rust/automerge/src/query/prop.rs

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for Prop<'a> {
         {
             if self.pos + child.len() >= start {
                 // skip empty nodes
-                if child.index.visible_len() == 0 {
+                if child.index.visible_len(false) == 0 {
                     if self.pos + child.len() >= optree_len {
                         self.pos = optree_len;
                         QueryResult::Finish

rust/automerge/src/query/seek_op.rs

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ pub(crate) struct SeekOp<'a> {
     pub(crate) succ: Vec<usize>,
     /// whether a position has been found
     found: bool,
+    utf16: bool,
     /// The found start position of the key if there is one yet (for map objects).
     start: Option<usize>,
 }
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ impl<'a> SeekOp<'a> {
             succ: vec![],
             pos: 0,
             found: false,
+            utf16: false,
             start: None,
         }
     }
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOp<'a> {
                 if let Some(start) = self.start {
                     if self.pos + child.len() >= start {
                         // skip empty nodes
-                        if child.index.visible_len() == 0 {
+                        if child.index.visible_len(false) == 0 {
                             self.pos += child.len();
                             QueryResult::Next
                         } else {

rust/automerge/src/query/seek_op_with_patch.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,10 @@ pub(crate) struct SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
     pub(crate) pos: usize,
     pub(crate) succ: Vec<usize>,
     found: bool,
+    utf16: bool,
     pub(crate) seen: usize,
+    pub(crate) seen8: usize,
+    pub(crate) last_width: usize,
     last_seen: Option<Key>,
     pub(crate) values: Vec<&'a Op>,
     pub(crate) had_value_before: bool,
@@ -19,13 +22,16 @@ pub(crate) struct SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
-    pub(crate) fn new(op: &Op) -> Self {
+    pub(crate) fn new(op: &Op, utf16: bool) -> Self {
         SeekOpWithPatch {
             op: op.clone(),
             succ: vec![],
             pos: 0,
             found: false,
+            utf16,
             seen: 0,
+            seen8: 0,
+            last_width: 0,
             last_seen: None,
             values: vec![],
             had_value_before: false,
@@ -57,7 +63,8 @@ impl<'a> SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
             self.last_seen = None
         }
         if e.visible() && self.last_seen.is_none() {
-            self.seen += 1;
+            self.seen += e.width(self.utf16);
+            self.seen8 += 1;
             self.last_seen = Some(e.elemid_or_key())
         }
     }
@@ -101,7 +108,8 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
                     // elements it contains. However, it could happen that a visible element is
                     // split across two tree nodes. To avoid double-counting in this situation, we
                     // subtract one if the last visible element also appears in this tree node.
-                    let mut num_vis = child.index.visible_len();
+                    let mut num_vis = child.index.visible_len(self.utf16);
+                    let mut num_vis8 = child.index.visible_len(false);
                     if num_vis > 0 {
                         // FIXME: I think this is wrong: we should subtract one only if this
                         // subtree contains a *visible* (i.e. empty succs) operation for the list
@@ -110,9 +118,12 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
                         if let Some(last_seen) = self.last_seen {
                             if child.index.has_visible(&last_seen) {
                                 num_vis -= 1;
+                                num_vis8 -= 1;
                             }
                         }
                         self.seen += num_vis;
+                        self.seen8 += num_vis8;
+                        //self.seen += child.index.visible16;
 
                         // FIXME: this is also wrong: `last_seen` needs to be the elemId of the
                         // last *visible* list element in this subtree, but I think this returns
@@ -130,7 +141,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
                 if let Some(start) = self.start {
                     if self.pos + child.len() >= start {
                         // skip empty nodes
-                        if child.index.visible_len() == 0 {
+                        if child.index.visible_len(self.utf16) == 0 {
                             self.pos += child.len();
                             QueryResult::Next
                         } else {
@@ -173,6 +184,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
                             self.values.push(e);
                         }
                         self.succ.push(self.pos);
+                        self.last_width = e.width(self.utf16);
 
                         if e.visible() {
                             self.had_value_before = true;
@@ -218,6 +230,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
                                 self.values.push(e);
                             }
                             self.succ.push(self.pos);
+                            self.last_width = e.width(self.utf16);
                         }
                         if e.visible() {
                             self.had_value_before = true;
@@ -235,6 +248,7 @@ impl<'a> TreeQuery<'a> for SeekOpWithPatch<'a> {
                             self.values.push(e);
                         }
                         self.succ.push(self.pos);
+                        self.last_width = e.width(self.utf16);
                     }
 
                     // If the new op is an insertion, skip over any existing list elements whose elemId is

rust/automerge/src/transaction/inner.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use crate::automerge::Actor;
 use crate::exid::ExId;
 use crate::query::{self, OpIdSearch};
 use crate::storage::Change as StoredChange;
-use crate::types::{Key, ObjId, OpId};
+use crate::types::{Key, ObjId, OpId, OpIds};
 use crate::{op_tree::OpSetMetadata, types::Op, Automerge, Change, ChangeHash, OpObserver, Prop};
 use crate::{AutomergeError, ObjType, OpType, ScalarValue};
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ pub(crate) struct TransactionInner {
     time: i64,
     message: Option<String>,
     deps: Vec<ChangeHash>,
-    operations: Vec<(ObjId, Prop, Op)>,
+    operations: Vec<(ObjId, Op)>,
 }
 
 /// Arguments required to create a new transaction
@@ -117,8 +117,6 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         use crate::storage::{change::PredOutOfOrder, convert::op_as_actor_id};
 
         let actor = metadata.actors.get(self.actor).clone();
-        let ops = self.operations.iter().map(|o| (&o.0, &o.2));
-        //let (ops, other_actors) = encode_change_ops(ops, actor.clone(), actors, props);
         let deps = self.deps.clone();
         let stored = match StoredChange::builder()
             .with_actor(actor)
@@ -128,7 +126,8 @@ impl TransactionInner {
             .with_dependencies(deps)
             .with_timestamp(self.time)
             .build(
-                ops.into_iter()
+                self.operations
+                    .iter()
                     .map(|(obj, op)| op_as_actor_id(obj, op, metadata)),
             ) {
             Ok(s) => s,
@@ -152,10 +151,10 @@ impl TransactionInner {
     pub(crate) fn rollback(self, doc: &mut Automerge) -> usize {
         let num = self.pending_ops();
         // remove in reverse order so sets are removed before makes etc...
-        for (obj, _prop, op) in self.operations.into_iter().rev() {
+        for (obj, op) in self.operations.into_iter().rev() {
             for pred_id in &op.pred {
                 if let Some(p) = doc.ops.search(&obj, OpIdSearch::new(*pred_id)).index() {
-                    doc.ops.replace(&obj, p, |o| o.remove_succ(&op));
+                    doc.ops.change_vis(&obj, p, |o| o.remove_succ(&op));
                 }
             }
             if let Some(pos) = doc.ops.search(&obj, OpIdSearch::new(op.id)).index() {
@@ -196,6 +195,15 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
         let value = value.into();
         let prop = prop.into();
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        match (&prop, obj_type) {
+            (Prop::Map(_), ObjType::Map) => Ok(()),
+            (Prop::Seq(_), ObjType::List) => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type)),
+        }?;
         self.local_op(doc, op_observer, obj, prop, value.into())?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -223,6 +231,15 @@ impl TransactionInner {
     ) -> Result<ExId, AutomergeError> {
         let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
         let prop = prop.into();
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        match (&prop, obj_type) {
+            (Prop::Map(_), ObjType::Map) => Ok(()),
+            (Prop::Seq(_), ObjType::List) => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type)),
+        }?;
         let id = self
             .local_op(doc, op_observer, obj, prop, value.into())?
             .unwrap();
@@ -234,6 +251,28 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         OpId(self.start_op.get() + self.pending_ops() as u64, self.actor)
     }
 
+    fn next_insert(&mut self, key: Key, value: ScalarValue) -> Op {
+        Op {
+            id: self.next_id(),
+            action: OpType::Put(value),
+            key,
+            succ: Default::default(),
+            pred: Default::default(),
+            insert: true,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn next_delete(&mut self, key: Key, pred: OpIds) -> Op {
+        Op {
+            id: self.next_id(),
+            action: OpType::Delete,
+            key,
+            succ: Default::default(),
+            pred,
+            insert: false,
+        }
+    }
+
     #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
     fn insert_local_op<Obs: OpObserver>(
         &mut self,
@@ -245,7 +284,7 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         obj: ObjId,
         succ_pos: &[usize],
     ) {
-        doc.ops.add_succ(&obj, succ_pos.iter().copied(), &op);
+        doc.ops.add_succ(&obj, succ_pos, &op);
 
         if !op.is_delete() {
             doc.ops.insert(pos, &obj, op.clone());
@@ -263,6 +302,13 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         value: V,
     ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
         let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        if obj_type != ObjType::List {
+            return Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type));
+        }
         let value = value.into();
         tracing::trace!(obj=?obj, value=?value, "inserting value");
         self.do_insert(doc, op_observer, obj, index, value.into())?;
@@ -278,6 +324,13 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         value: ObjType,
     ) -> Result<ExId, AutomergeError> {
         let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        if obj_type != ObjType::List {
+            return Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type));
+        }
         let id = self.do_insert(doc, op_observer, obj, index, value.into())?;
         let id = doc.id_to_exid(id);
         Ok(id)
@@ -293,7 +346,7 @@ impl TransactionInner {
     ) -> Result<OpId, AutomergeError> {
         let id = self.next_id();
 
-        let query = doc.ops.search(&obj, query::InsertNth::new(index));
+        let query = doc.ops.search(&obj, query::InsertNth::new(index, false));
 
         let key = query.key()?;
 
@@ -384,7 +437,7 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         index: usize,
         action: OpType,
     ) -> Result<Option<OpId>, AutomergeError> {
-        let query = doc.ops.search(&obj, query::Nth::new(index));
+        let query = doc.ops.search(&obj, query::Nth::new(index, false));
 
         let id = self.next_id();
         let pred = doc.ops.m.sorted_opids(query.ops.iter().map(|o| o.id));
@@ -438,7 +491,24 @@ impl TransactionInner {
     ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
         let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
         let prop = prop.into();
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        if obj_type == ObjType::Text {
+            let pos = prop.to_index().ok_or(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type))?;
+            self.inner_splice(
+                doc,
+                op_observer,
+                obj,
+                pos,
+                1,
+                vec![],
+                SpliceType::Text("", doc.utf16),
+            )?;
+        } else {
             self.local_op(doc, op_observer, obj, prop, OpType::Delete)?;
+        }
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -447,30 +517,170 @@ impl TransactionInner {
     pub(crate) fn splice<Obs: OpObserver>(
         &mut self,
         doc: &mut Automerge,
-        mut op_observer: Option<&mut Obs>,
+        op_observer: Option<&mut Obs>,
         ex_obj: &ExId,
-        mut pos: usize,
+        pos: usize,
         del: usize,
         vals: impl IntoIterator<Item = ScalarValue>,
     ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
         let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        if obj_type != ObjType::List {
+            return Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type));
+        }
+        let vals = vals.into_iter().collect();
+        self.inner_splice(doc, op_observer, obj, pos, del, vals, SpliceType::List)
+    }
+
+    /// Splice string into a text object
+    pub(crate) fn splice_text<Obs: OpObserver>(
+        &mut self,
+        doc: &mut Automerge,
+        op_observer: Option<&mut Obs>,
+        ex_obj: &ExId,
+        pos: usize,
+        del: usize,
+        text: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
+        let obj = doc.exid_to_obj(ex_obj)?;
+        let obj_type = doc
+            .ops
+            .object_type(&obj)
+            .ok_or(AutomergeError::NotAnObject)?;
+        if obj_type != ObjType::Text {
+            return Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(obj_type));
+        }
+        let vals = text.chars().map(ScalarValue::from).collect();
+        self.inner_splice(
+            doc,
+            op_observer,
+            obj,
+            pos,
+            del,
+            vals,
+            SpliceType::Text(text, doc.utf16),
+        )
+    }
+
+    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+    fn inner_splice<Obs: OpObserver>(
+        &mut self,
+        doc: &mut Automerge,
+        mut op_observer: Option<&mut Obs>,
+        obj: ObjId,
+        mut index: usize,
+        mut del: usize,
+        vals: Vec<ScalarValue>,
+        splice_type: SpliceType<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
+        let ex_obj = doc.ops.id_to_exid(obj.0);
+        let utf16 = splice_type.is_utf16();
+        let mut index8 = index;
+        let mut index16 = index;
+        let mut del16 = 0;
+
+        // delete `del` items - performing the query for each one
+        let mut i = 0;
+        while i < del {
+            // TODO: could do this with a single custom query
+            let query = doc.ops.search(&obj, query::Nth::new(index, utf16));
+
+            // adjust index if we happen to be on a half character
+            index = query.index();
+
+            if i == 0 {
+                // set here incase no inserts
+                index8 = query.index_utf8();
+                index16 = query.index_utf16();
+            }
+
+            let step = if let Some(op) = query.ops.last() {
+                op.width(utf16)
+            } else {
+                // truncate the delete if past the end
+                del = i;
+                break;
+            };
+
+            let op = self.next_delete(query.key()?, query.pred(&doc.ops));
+
+            doc.ops.add_succ(&obj, &query.ops_pos, &op);
+
+            self.operations.push((obj, op));
+
+            del16 += step;
+
+            i += step;
+        }
+
+        if del > 0 {
+            if let Some(obs) = op_observer.as_mut() {
+                if utf16 {
+                    obs.delete_utf16(doc, ex_obj.clone(), (index8, index16), (del, del16));
+                } else {
+                    // TODO: obs.delete() should take a length
                     for _ in 0..del {
-            // This unwrap and rewrap of the option is necessary to appeas the borrow checker :(
-            if let Some(obs) = op_observer.as_mut() {
-                self.local_op(doc, Some(*obs), obj, pos.into(), OpType::Delete)?;
-            } else {
-                self.local_op::<Obs>(doc, None, obj, pos.into(), OpType::Delete)?;
+                        obs.delete(doc, ex_obj.clone(), Prop::Seq(index));
                     }
                 }
-        for v in vals {
-            // As above this unwrap and rewrap of the option is necessary to appeas the borrow checker :(
-            if let Some(obs) = op_observer.as_mut() {
-                self.do_insert(doc, Some(*obs), obj, pos, v.clone().into())?;
-            } else {
-                self.do_insert::<Obs>(doc, None, obj, pos, v.clone().into())?;
             }
+        }
+
+        // do the insert query for the first item and then
+        // insert the remaining ops one after the other
+        if !vals.is_empty() {
+            let query = doc.ops.search(&obj, query::InsertNth::new(index, utf16));
+            let mut pos = query.pos();
+            let mut key = query.key()?;
+
+            // set here incase no deletes
+            index8 = query.index_utf8();
+            index16 = query.index_utf16();
+            let len8 = vals.len();
+
+            for v in &vals {
+                let op = self.next_insert(key, v.clone());
+
+                doc.ops.insert(pos, &obj, op.clone());
+
                 pos += 1;
+                key = op.id.into();
+
+                self.operations.push((obj, op));
             }
+
+            // handle the observer
+            if let Some(obs) = op_observer.as_mut() {
+                match splice_type {
+                    SpliceType::List => {
+                        let start = self.operations.len() - len8;
+                        for (offset, v) in vals.iter().enumerate() {
+                            let op = &self.operations[start + offset].1;
+                            let value = (v.clone().into(), doc.ops.id_to_exid(op.id));
+                            obs.insert(doc, ex_obj.clone(), index + offset, value)
+                        }
+                    }
+                    SpliceType::Text(text, utf16) => {
+                        if utf16 {
+                            let len16 = text.encode_utf16().count();
+                            obs.splice_text_utf16(
+                                doc,
+                                ex_obj,
+                                (index8, index16),
+                                (len8, len16),
+                                text,
+                            )
+                        } else {
+                            obs.splice_text(doc, ex_obj, index8, text)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         Ok(())
     }
 
@@ -485,28 +695,41 @@ impl TransactionInner {
         // TODO - id_to_exid should be a noop if not used - change type to Into<ExId>?
         if let Some(op_observer) = op_observer {
             let ex_obj = doc.ops.id_to_exid(obj.0);
-            let parents = doc.ops.parents(obj);
             if op.insert {
+                let obj_type = doc.ops.object_type(&obj);
+                match (obj_type, prop) {
+                    (Some(ObjType::List), Prop::Seq(index)) => {
                         let value = (op.value(), doc.ops.id_to_exid(op.id));
-                match prop {
-                    Prop::Map(_) => panic!("insert into a map"),
-                    Prop::Seq(index) => op_observer.insert(parents, ex_obj, index, value),
+                        op_observer.insert(doc, ex_obj, index, value)
+                    }
+                    (Some(ObjType::Text), Prop::Seq(index)) => {
+                        // FIXME
+                        op_observer.splice_text(doc, ex_obj, index, op.to_str())
+                    }
+                    // this should be a warning - not a panic
+                    _ => panic!("insert into a map"),
                 }
             } else if op.is_delete() {
-                op_observer.delete(parents, ex_obj, prop.clone());
+                op_observer.delete(doc, ex_obj, prop);
             } else if let Some(value) = op.get_increment_value() {
-                op_observer.increment(
-                    parents,
-                    ex_obj,
-                    prop.clone(),
-                    (value, doc.ops.id_to_exid(op.id)),
-                );
+                op_observer.increment(doc, ex_obj, prop, (value, doc.ops.id_to_exid(op.id)));
             } else {
                 let value = (op.value(), doc.ops.id_to_exid(op.id));
-                op_observer.put(parents, ex_obj, prop.clone(), value, false);
+                op_observer.put(doc, ex_obj, prop, value, false);
             }
         }
-        self.operations.push((obj, prop, op));
+        self.operations.push((obj, op));
+    }
+}
+
+enum SpliceType<'a> {
+    List,
+    Text(&'a str, bool /* utf16 */),
+}
+
+impl<'a> SpliceType<'a> {
+    fn is_utf16(&self) -> bool {
+        matches!(self, SpliceType::Text(_, true))
     }
 }
 

rust/automerge/src/transaction/manual_transaction.rs

@@ -191,6 +191,16 @@ impl<'a, Obs: observation::Observation> Transactable for Transaction<'a, Obs> {
         self.do_tx(|tx, doc, obs| tx.splice(doc, obs, obj.as_ref(), pos, del, vals))
     }
 
+    fn splice_text<O: AsRef<ExId>>(
+        &mut self,
+        obj: O,
+        pos: usize,
+        del: usize,
+        text: &str,
+    ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
+        self.do_tx(|tx, doc, obs| tx.splice_text(doc, obs, obj.as_ref(), pos, del, text))
+    }
+
     fn keys<O: AsRef<ExId>>(&self, obj: O) -> Keys<'_, '_> {
         self.doc.keys(obj)
     }

rust/automerge/src/transaction/transactable.rs

@@ -91,10 +91,7 @@ pub trait Transactable {
         pos: usize,
         del: usize,
         text: &str,
-    ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
-        let vals = text.chars().map(|c| c.into());
-        self.splice(obj, pos, del, vals)
-    }
+    ) -> Result<(), AutomergeError>;
 
     /// Get the keys of the given object, it should be a map.
     fn keys<O: AsRef<ExId>>(&self, obj: O) -> Keys<'_, '_>;
@@ -193,9 +190,7 @@ pub trait Transactable {
     fn parents<O: AsRef<ExId>>(&self, obj: O) -> Result<Parents<'_>, AutomergeError>;
 
     fn path_to_object<O: AsRef<ExId>>(&self, obj: O) -> Result<Vec<(ExId, Prop)>, AutomergeError> {
-        let mut path = self.parents(obj.as_ref().clone())?.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-        path.reverse();
-        Ok(path)
+        Ok(self.parents(obj.as_ref().clone())?.path())
     }
 
     /// The heads this transaction will be based on

rust/automerge/src/types.rs

@@ -393,6 +393,15 @@ pub enum Prop {
     Seq(usize),
 }
 
+impl Prop {
+    pub(crate) fn to_index(&self) -> Option<usize> {
+        match self {
+            Prop::Map(_) => None,
+            Prop::Seq(n) => Some(*n),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Display for Prop {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         match self {
@@ -491,6 +500,26 @@ impl Op {
         }
     }
 
+    pub(crate) fn width(&self, utf16: bool) -> usize {
+        if utf16 {
+            if let OpType::Put(ScalarValue::Str(s)) = &self.action {
+                s.encode_utf16().count()
+            } else {
+                1 // "\u{fffc}".to_owned().encode_utf16().count()
+            }
+        } else {
+            1
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn to_str(&self) -> &str {
+        if let OpType::Put(ScalarValue::Str(s)) = &self.action {
+            s
+        } else {
+            "\u{fffc}"
+        }
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn visible(&self) -> bool {
         if self.is_inc() {
             false

rust/automerge/tests/test.rs

@@ -1123,8 +1123,7 @@ fn test_merging_test_conflicts_then_saving_and_loading() {
 
     let mut doc1 = new_doc_with_actor(actor1);
     let text = doc1.put_object(ROOT, "text", ObjType::Text).unwrap();
-    doc1.splice(&text, 0, 0, "hello".chars().map(|c| c.to_string().into()))
-        .unwrap();
+    doc1.splice_text(&text, 0, 0, "hello").unwrap();
 
     let mut doc2 = AutoCommit::load(&doc1.save()).unwrap();
     doc2.set_actor(actor2);
@@ -1133,11 +1132,10 @@ fn test_merging_test_conflicts_then_saving_and_loading() {
         "text" => { list![{"h"}, {"e"}, {"l"}, {"l"}, {"o"}]},
     }};
 
-    doc2.splice(&text, 4, 1, Vec::new()).unwrap();
-    doc2.splice(&text, 4, 0, vec!["!".into()]).unwrap();
-    doc2.splice(&text, 5, 0, vec![" ".into()]).unwrap();
-    doc2.splice(&text, 6, 0, "world".chars().map(|c| c.into()))
-        .unwrap();
+    doc2.splice_text(&text, 4, 1, "").unwrap();
+    doc2.splice_text(&text, 4, 0, "!").unwrap();
+    doc2.splice_text(&text, 5, 0, " ").unwrap();
+    doc2.splice_text(&text, 6, 0, "world").unwrap();
 
     assert_doc!(
         doc2.document(),
@@ -1373,3 +1371,29 @@ fn simple_bad_saveload() {
     let bytes = doc.save();
     Automerge::load(&bytes).unwrap();
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn ops_on_wrong_objets() -> Result<(), AutomergeError> {
+    let mut doc = AutoCommit::new();
+    let list = doc.put_object(&automerge::ROOT, "list", ObjType::List)?;
+    doc.insert(&list, 0, "a")?;
+    doc.insert(&list, 1, "b")?;
+    let e1 = doc.put(&list, "a", "AAA");
+    assert_eq!(e1, Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(ObjType::List)));
+    let e2 = doc.splice_text(&list, 0, 0, "hello world");
+    assert_eq!(e2, Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(ObjType::List)));
+    let map = doc.put_object(&automerge::ROOT, "map", ObjType::Map)?;
+    doc.put(&map, "a", "AAA")?;
+    doc.put(&map, "b", "BBB")?;
+    let e3 = doc.insert(&map, 0, "b");
+    assert_eq!(e3, Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(ObjType::Map)));
+    let e4 = doc.splice_text(&map, 0, 0, "hello world");
+    assert_eq!(e4, Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(ObjType::Map)));
+    let text = doc.put_object(&automerge::ROOT, "text", ObjType::Text)?;
+    doc.splice_text(&text, 0, 0, "hello world")?;
+    let e5 = doc.put(&text, "a", "AAA");
+    assert_eq!(e5, Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(ObjType::Text)));
+    let e6 = doc.insert(&text, 0, "b");
+    assert_eq!(e6, Err(AutomergeError::InvalidOp(ObjType::Text)));
+    Ok(())
+}

rust/edit-trace/automerge-js.js

@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 // Apply the paper editing trace to an Automerge.Text object, one char at a time
 const { edits, finalText } = require('./editing-trace')
-const Automerge = require('../automerge-js')
-const wasm_api = require('../automerge-wasm')
-
-Automerge.use(wasm_api)
+const Automerge = require('../../javascript')
 
 const start = new Date()
-let state = Automerge.from({text: new Automerge.Text()})
+let state = Automerge.from({text: ""})
 
 state = Automerge.change(state, doc => {
   for (let i = 0; i < edits.length; i++) {
@@ -14,14 +11,13 @@ state = Automerge.change(state, doc => {
       console.log(`Processed ${i} edits in ${new Date() - start} ms`)
     }
     let edit = edits[i]
-    if (edit[1] > 0) doc.text.deleteAt(edit[0], edit[1])
-    if (edit.length > 2) doc.text.insertAt(edit[0], ...edit.slice(2))
+    Automerge.splice(doc, 'text', ... edit)
   }
 })
 
 let _ = Automerge.save(state)
 console.log(`Done in ${new Date() - start} ms`)
 
-if (state.text.join('') !== finalText) {
+if (state.text !== finalText) {
   throw new RangeError('ERROR: final text did not match expectation')
 }